Question

Отличие химических свойств предельных и непредельных углеводородов. Помогите пожалуйста!!! Срочно!!!

Answer 1

Предельными УВ являются алканы и циклоалканы. ДЛЯ АЛКАНОВ ХАРАКТЕРНЫ РЕАКЦИИ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ, ДЛЯ ЦИКЛОАЛКАНОВ, ДЛЯ МАЛЫХ ЦИКЛОВ, ХАРАКТЕРНЫ РЕАКЦИИ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ДЛЯ БОЛЬШИХ ЦИКЛОВ - РЕАКЦИИ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ.

Непредельными УВ являются: алкены, алкины и алкадиены. ДЛЯ НЕПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ УВ ХАРАКТЕРНЫ РЕАКЦИИ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ и реакции полимеризации у алкенов и диенов, реакции димеризации и тримеризации - для алкинов, т.к. в их структурных формулах имеются двойные и тройные связи (в алкенах - 1 двойная связь, в алкинах - 1 тройная связь, в алкадиенах - 2 двойные связи).

Answer 2

Difference between the Chemical Properties of Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons differ in their chemical properties due to the presence or absence of double or triple bonds between carbon atoms in their molecular structure.

Saturated Hydrocarbons: Saturated hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are called "saturated" because each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. Saturated hydrocarbons are also known as alkanes.

The absence of double or triple bonds in saturated hydrocarbons gives them certain characteristics:

1. Reactivity: Saturated hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive due to the stability of their single bonds. They do not readily undergo chemical reactions, making them less reactive compared to unsaturated hydrocarbons. 2. Combustibility: Saturated hydrocarbons burn readily in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This makes them useful as fuels. 3. Physical State: Saturated hydrocarbons with low molecular weights are usually gases at room temperature, while those with higher molecular weights are liquids or solids.

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. They are called "unsaturated" because they have the potential to form additional bonds with other atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons include alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds.

The presence of double or triple bonds in unsaturated hydrocarbons gives them certain characteristics:

1. Reactivity: Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive compared to saturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of double or triple bonds. These bonds can undergo addition reactions, where new atoms or groups of atoms are added to the molecule. 2. Combustibility: Unsaturated hydrocarbons burn in a similar manner to saturated hydrocarbons, but they may produce more soot or carbon particles due to the incomplete combustion of the double or triple bonds. 3. Physical State: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with low molecular weights are usually gases at room temperature, while those with higher molecular weights are liquids or solids.

In summary, the main difference between the chemical properties of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons lies in their reactivity and the presence or absence of double or triple bonds. Saturated hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive and do not contain double or triple bonds, while unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive and contain double or triple bonds.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.