Question

Какой химической связью образована молекулы воды? Какая связь образуется между молекул? Покажите схему. Почему появляется связь между молекул?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Связь ковалентная полярная, на схеме красным цветом - электроны кислорода, синим - электроны водорода. Связь образуется потому что атомы водорода начинают делить электрон с кислородом

Answer 2

Chemical Bond in Water Molecules

The molecules of water (H2O) are formed by a covalent bond. A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In the case of water, two hydrogen atoms (H) each share one electron with an oxygen atom (O), resulting in a shared pair of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Intermolecular Forces in Water

The intermolecular forces between water molecules are primarily due to hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen) is attracted to another electronegative atom in a different molecule. In the case of water, the hydrogen atoms in one water molecule are attracted to the oxygen atom in neighboring water molecules, forming hydrogen bonds.

Diagram of Water Molecule and Hydrogen Bonding

Here is a diagram illustrating the structure of a water molecule and the hydrogen bonding between water molecules:

          H
          |
    H - O - H
          |
          H

In the diagram, the oxygen atom (O) is bonded to two hydrogen atoms (H) through covalent bonds. The dashed lines represent the hydrogen bonds between neighboring water molecules.

Formation of Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds form in water due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning it has a greater ability to attract electrons. As a result, the oxygen atom in a water molecule pulls the shared electrons closer to itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges (δ+) on the hydrogen atoms.

The partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms attracts the partial negative charge on the oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak compared to covalent bonds but are still significant in determining the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point, surface tension, and ability to dissolve many substances.

In summary, the molecules of water are held together by covalent bonds, while the intermolecular forces between water molecules are primarily due to hydrogen bonding. The formation of hydrogen bonds is a result of the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecules.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.