Question

Определить, как изменится ВНП, если правительство увеличивает налоги на 150 д.е., и одновременно увеличивает государственные расходы на 200 д. е. Предельная склонность к потреблению равна 0,8.

Answer 1

Решение:
При увеличении налогов: mult Tx = -С/(1-С)
где С – предельная склонность к потреблению mult 
Tx = -0,8/(1-0,8) = -4
ΔTx = -4*150 = -600, т.е. под воздействием налогов ВНП сократится на 600.

При увеличении государственных  расходов:
mult G = 1/(1-С)
mult G = 1/(1-0,8) = 5
ΔYG = 5*200 = 1000, т.е. за счет увеличения расходов объем ВНП возрастет на 1000.  

ΔY = ΔYG + ΔYTx = 1000+(-600) = 400.

Answer 2

Calculation of the Change in GDP

To determine how the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will change when the government increases taxes by 150 units and simultaneously increases government spending by 200 units, we need to consider the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). The MPC represents the proportion of additional income that individuals will spend on consumption.

According to the information provided, the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. This means that for every additional unit of income, individuals will spend 0.8 units on consumption.

To calculate the change in GDP, we can use the following formula:

Change in GDP = Change in Government Spending + (MPC * Change in Taxes)

Given that the change in government spending is an increase of 200 units and the change in taxes is an increase of 150 units, we can substitute these values into the formula:

Change in GDP = 200 + (0.8 * 150)

Calculating this equation, we find:

Change in GDP = 200 + 120

Therefore, the change in GDP will be 320 units.

Please note that this calculation assumes a closed economy, where there are no external factors affecting the GDP. Additionally, this calculation does not take into account other factors that may influence GDP, such as changes in investment, net exports, or other government policies.