Question

Помогите!! Функция потребления задана формулой С=100+0.2Y. Постройте графики потребления и сбережений. Определите равновесный Y методом «изъятий и инъекций». Вычислите значение простого мультипликатора.

Answer 1

Ответ:

a)Падение цен на товар-субститут для карандашей б) Падение цен на дополняющий товар (по отношению к карандашу) в) Падение цен на сырье, которое используется для производства карандашей г) Снижение потребительских доходов при условии, что карандаши – неполноценный товар д) Снижение налога на добавленную стоимость е) Снижение потребительских доходов при условии, что карандаши-нормальный товар. ж) Широкая реклама карандашей.

Answer 2

I will try to answer your question in detail. Please note that this is not a substitute for professional advice or academic guidance.

The consumption function is given by the formula C = 100 + 0.2Y, where C is the consumption expenditure and Y is the disposable income. The graph of the consumption function is a straight line with a slope of 0.2 and a y-intercept of 100. The graph of the saving function is obtained by subtracting C from Y, i.e. S = Y - C = Y - (100 + 0.2Y) = 0.8Y - 100. The graph of the saving function is also a straight line with a slope of 0.8 and a y-intercept of -100.

To determine the equilibrium Y by the method of "withdrawals and injections", we need to consider the other components of the aggregate demand, such as investment (I), government spending (G) and net exports (NX). Assuming that these components are exogenous and constant, we can write the aggregate demand as AD = C + I + G + NX. The equilibrium Y is the level of income where AD equals the aggregate supply (AS), which is equal to Y in a closed economy. Therefore, we can set AD = AS and solve for Y:

C + I + G + NX = Y 100 + 0.2Y + I + G + NX = Y 0.8Y = 100 + I + G + NX Y = (100 + I + G + NX) / 0.8

The value of the simple multiplier is the ratio of the change in equilibrium income to the change in autonomous spending, which is any component of aggregate demand that does not depend on income, such as I, G or NX. Mathematically, the simple multiplier can be derived by differentiating both sides of the equilibrium equation with respect to autonomous spending:

dY / dA = 1 / (1 - MPC)

where A is the autonomous spending and MPC is the marginal propensity to consume, which is the slope of the consumption function. In this case, MPC = 0.2, so the simple multiplier is:

dY / dA = 1 / (1 - 0.2) = 1.25

This means that a one-unit increase in autonomous spending will lead to a 1.25-unit increase in equilibrium income.

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