Question

Залежність фізичних властивостей алканів від їх складу

Answer 1

алкани взаємодіють з галогенами (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)

через те, що вони насичені (всі атоми карбону зайняті гідрогеном) їм не властиві реакції приєднання. Тільки заміщення. Як і всі органічні речовини вони горять - в результаті завжди виходить  CO2+H2O

Також вони взаємодіють з киснем, через що з'являється ще одна властивість - окиснення

алкани можуть розкладатися під великою температурою і дією каталізатора - реакція дегідрування. наприклад 2CH4 -> (t, каталізатор) -> CH=CH + 3H2

Answer 2

Dependence of Physical Properties of Alkanes on their Composition

The physical properties of alkanes, such as boiling point, melting point, density, and viscosity, are influenced by their composition. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together in a linear or branched chain structure. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Boiling Point and Melting Point: The boiling point and melting point of alkanes increase with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. This is because larger alkanes have stronger intermolecular forces, such as London dispersion forces, which require more energy to overcome and change the state of the substance from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. As a result, larger alkanes have higher boiling and melting points compared to smaller alkanes.

Density: The density of alkanes generally increases with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. This is because larger alkanes have a higher molecular weight and more atoms per unit volume, leading to a higher density.

Viscosity: The viscosity of alkanes also increases with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and larger alkanes have more complex molecular structures with longer carbon chains. These longer chains result in stronger intermolecular forces and more entanglements between molecules, leading to higher viscosity.

It is important to note that while the general trend suggests an increase in physical properties with an increase in the number of carbon atoms, there may be exceptions and variations due to factors such as branching, functional groups, and isomerism.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.