Question

1.В среднем за сутки человек вдыхает 490 л кислорода и столько же литров выдыхает.В выдыхаемой смеси газов содержится приблизительно 3% углекислого газа.Сколько молекул СО2 выдыхает человек за сутки?Какова масса выдыхаемого углекислого газа и чему равна массовая доля углерода в нем?Расчет провести при н.у. 2.Формула "бриллиантогого зеленого"

Answer 1

1. V(CO2)=490л*0,03=14,7 л
n(CO2)=V/Vm=14,7л/22,4л/моль=0,65625 моль
N(CO2)=n*N(A)=0,65625моль*6,02*10^23моль^-1=3,95*10^23
m(CO2)=n*M=0,65625моль*44г/моль=28,875 г
w(C)=Ar(C)/M(CO2)=12/44=0,2727 (27,27%)
2. Это всем известное под названием "зеленка" вещество по номенклатуре ИЮПАК называется оксалат тетраэтил-4,4-диаминотрифенилметана. А брутто-формулу его можно записать как C27H34N2O4S.

Answer 2

Calculation of the Number of CO2 Molecules Exhaled in a Day

To calculate the number of CO2 molecules exhaled by a person in a day, we need to consider the volume of oxygen inhaled and exhaled, as well as the percentage of CO2 in the exhaled gas mixture.

Given that a person inhales and exhales 490 liters of gas per day and the exhaled gas mixture contains approximately 3% CO2, we can calculate the number of CO2 molecules using the following steps:

1. Convert the volume of gas to the number of moles using the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

2. Calculate the number of moles of CO2 in the exhaled gas mixture by multiplying the volume of gas exhaled by the percentage of CO2: n_CO2 = V_exhaled * (CO2_percentage / 100).

3. Convert the number of moles of CO2 to the number of molecules using Avogadro's number, which states that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 molecules.

Let's perform the calculations:

1. Convert the volume of gas to the number of moles: - Inhaled gas volume = 490 liters - Exhaled gas volume = 490 liters

2. Calculate the number of moles of CO2 in the exhaled gas mixture: - CO2 percentage in the exhaled gas = 3% - Moles of CO2 exhaled = Exhaled gas volume * (CO2 percentage / 100)

3. Convert the number of moles of CO2 to the number of molecules: - Number of CO2 molecules exhaled = Moles of CO2 exhaled * Avogadro's number

Let's perform the calculations:

1. Convert the volume of gas to the number of moles: - Inhaled gas volume = 490 liters = 0.49 m^3 - Exhaled gas volume = 490 liters = 0.49 m^3

2. Calculate the number of moles of CO2 in the exhaled gas mixture: - CO2 percentage in the exhaled gas = 3% - Moles of CO2 exhaled = Exhaled gas volume * (CO2 percentage / 100) = 0.49 m^3 * (3 / 100) = 0.0147 moles

3. Convert the number of moles of CO2 to the number of molecules: - Number of CO2 molecules exhaled = Moles of CO2 exhaled * Avogadro's number = 0.0147 moles * 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole = 8.84 x 10^21 molecules

Therefore, a person exhales approximately 8.84 x 10^21 molecules of CO2 in a day.

Calculation of the Mass of Exhaled CO2 and the Mass Fraction of Carbon

To calculate the mass of exhaled CO2 and the mass fraction of carbon, we need to know the molar mass of CO2 and the mass fraction of carbon in CO2.

The molar mass of CO2 is calculated by summing the atomic masses of carbon (C) and two oxygen (O) atoms: - Molar mass of CO2 = (12.01 g/mol) + 2 * (16.00 g/mol) = 44.01 g/mol

The mass fraction of carbon in CO2 is calculated by dividing the molar mass of carbon by the molar mass of CO2: - Mass fraction of carbon = (12.01 g/mol) / (44.01 g/mol)

Let's perform the calculations:

1. Calculate the molar mass of CO2: - Molar mass of CO2 = (12.01 g/mol) + 2 * (16.00 g/mol) = 44.01 g/mol

2. Calculate the mass fraction of carbon in CO2: - Mass fraction of carbon = (12.01 g/mol) / (44.01 g/mol)

Let's perform the calculations:

1. Calculate the molar mass of CO2: - Molar mass of CO2 = (12.01 g/mol) + 2 * (16.00 g/mol) = 44.01 g/mol

2. Calculate the mass fraction of carbon in CO2: - Mass fraction of carbon = (12.01 g/mol) / (44.01 g/mol) ≈ 0.2727

Therefore, the molar mass of CO2 is approximately 44.01 g/mol and the mass fraction of carbon in CO2 is approximately 0.2727.

To calculate the mass of exhaled CO2, we can use the following formula:

Mass of exhaled CO2 = Moles of CO2 exhaled * Molar mass of CO2

Let's perform the calculation:

Mass of exhaled CO2 = Moles of CO2 exhaled * Molar mass of CO2 = 0.0147 moles * 44.01 g/mol ≈ 0.646 g

Therefore, the mass of exhaled CO2 is approximately 0.646 grams.

In summary, a person exhales approximately 8.84 x 10^21 molecules of CO2 in a day. The mass of exhaled CO2 is approximately 0.646 grams, and the mass fraction of carbon in the exhaled CO2 is approximately 0.2727.