Question

Что такое радикал в органической химии?

Answer 1

Радикалы - частицы с неспаренными электронами, например метил СН3•. Как уже отметили, они обладают крайне высокой реакционной способностью, потому живут очень мало (СН3• живет ~0,006с).

Answer 2

В химии радикалы, называемые свободными, представляют частицы, обладающие высокой реакционной способностью. 

Answer 3

What is a radical in organic chemistry?

In organic chemistry, a radical refers to a highly reactive species that contains an unpaired electron. Radicals are formed when a covalent bond breaks unevenly, leaving one atom with an unpaired electron. This unpaired electron makes radicals highly reactive and prone to participate in chemical reactions.

Radicals play a crucial role in many organic reactions, including polymerization, oxidation, and combustion. They can initiate chain reactions by reacting with other molecules and generating new radicals in the process. This chain reaction mechanism is often observed in radical polymerization, where the growth of a polymer chain is initiated by a radical species.

Radicals can be represented using a dot notation, where the unpaired electron is denoted by a dot next to the atom. For example, the methyl radical (CH3•) consists of a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms and one unpaired electron.

It is important to note that radicals are highly reactive and can be unstable. They are typically short-lived and can quickly react with other molecules to form more stable compounds.