Question

Определить степень окисления элементов и дать названия следующих соединений: MgH2; H2S; LiH; NH3; ALH3; AL2O3; P2O5; Mn2O7

Answer 1

+2-1
MgH₂ (гидрид магния)
+1-2
H₂S (сероводород)
+1-1
LiH (гидрид лития)
-3+1
NH₃ (аммиак)
+3-1
AlH₃ (гидрид алюминия)
+3-2
Al₂O₃ (оксид алюминия)
+5-2 
P₂O₅ (оксид фосфора (V))
+7-2
Mn₂O₇ (оксид марганца (VII))

Answer 2

Determining Oxidation States and Naming Compounds

To determine the oxidation states of the elements and provide the names of the given compounds, let's analyze each compound one by one.

1. MgH2: - Magnesium (Mg) typically exhibits a +2 oxidation state, while hydrogen (H) has a -1 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of magnesium is +2, and the compound is named magnesium hydride.

2. H2S: - Hydrogen (H) has a +1 oxidation state in binary compounds, and sulfur (S) typically exhibits a -2 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of sulfur is -2, and the compound is named hydrogen sulfide.

3. LiH: - Lithium (Li) typically exhibits a +1 oxidation state, while hydrogen (H) has a -1 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of lithium is +1, and the compound is named lithium hydride.

4. NH3: - Hydrogen (H) has a +1 oxidation state in binary compounds, and nitrogen (N) typically exhibits a -3 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of nitrogen is -3, and the compound is named ammonia.

5. AlH3: - Aluminum (Al) typically exhibits a +3 oxidation state, while hydrogen (H) has a -1 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of aluminum is +3, and the compound is named aluminum hydride.

6. Al2O3: - Aluminum (Al) typically exhibits a +3 oxidation state, and oxygen (O) has a -2 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of aluminum is +3, and the compound is named aluminum oxide.

7. P2O5: - Phosphorus (P) typically exhibits a +5 oxidation state, and oxygen (O) has a -2 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of phosphorus is +5, and the compound is named diphosphorus pentoxide.

8. Mn2O7: - Manganese (Mn) typically exhibits a +7 oxidation state, and oxygen (O) has a -2 oxidation state in binary compounds. - Therefore, the oxidation state of manganese is +7, and the compound is named manganese heptoxide.

These oxidation states and compound names are based on the typical rules for assigning oxidation states and naming binary compounds.