Question

Как найти степени окисления каждого элемента в молекуле C2H5OH? Объясните, пожалуйста

Answer 1

Решение:
В молекулах веществ есть атомы, которые имеют постоянную с.о. и переменную (их, по сравнению с постоянными, значительно больше).
Постоянных элементов несколько: галогены (имеют с.о. -1, как правило), кислород в с.о. -2 (кроме фторида кислорода и (над)пероксидов) и водород (+1 везде, кроме гидридов, где проявляют они с.о. -1)
Молекула электронейтральна. Это значит, что сумма с.о. элементов в молекуле должна быть равной нулю.
Т.о., 2x + 5*1 + (-2) + 1 = 0
x = -2
Значит, у углерода в этаноле степень окисления равна -2. 

Answer 2

Finding Oxidation States in C2H5OH

To find the oxidation states of each element in the molecule C2H5OH (ethanol), we need to understand the rules for assigning oxidation states.

1. The oxidation state of an element in its elemental form is always 0. 2. The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a neutral molecule is 0. 3. The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in an ion is equal to the charge of the ion.

Let's apply these rules to determine the oxidation states of each element in C2H5OH.

Oxidation State of Carbon (C)

Since carbon is less electronegative than hydrogen and oxygen, we assign it a positive oxidation state.

Let's assume the oxidation state of carbon is x.

The molecule C2H5OH contains two carbon atoms, so the total oxidation state of carbon in the molecule is 2x.

Oxidation State of Hydrogen (H)

Hydrogen is usually assigned an oxidation state of +1 when bonded to nonmetals.

The molecule C2H5OH contains six hydrogen atoms, so the total oxidation state of hydrogen in the molecule is +6.

Oxidation State of Oxygen (O)

Oxygen is usually assigned an oxidation state of -2 when bonded to nonmetals.

The molecule C2H5OH contains one oxygen atom, so the total oxidation state of oxygen in the molecule is -2.

Applying the Rules

According to rule 2, the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a neutral molecule is 0.

Therefore, we can write the following equation:

2x + 6(+1) + (-2) = 0

Simplifying the equation, we have:

2x + 6 - 2 = 0

2x + 4 = 0

2x = -4

x = -2

So, the oxidation state of carbon (C) in C2H5OH is -2.

To summarize: - The oxidation state of carbon (C) in C2H5OH is -2. - The oxidation state of hydrogen (H) in C2H5OH is +1. - The oxidation state of oxygen (O) in C2H5OH is -2.

Please note that these oxidation states are assigned based on general rules and may vary in certain compounds or under specific conditions.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.