Question

Используя правила ориентации получите из бензола все изомерные нитробензолы. Помогите,пожалуйста.

Answer 1

В общем виде нитробензол имеет такие изомеры

Answer 2

Obtaining Isomeric Nitrobenzenes from Benzene

To obtain all the isomeric nitrobenzenes from benzene, we can use the process of nitration. Nitration involves the substitution of a nitro group (-NO2) onto an aromatic ring, in this case, benzene. The position of the nitro group can vary, resulting in different isomers of nitrobenzene.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to obtain the isomeric nitrobenzenes from benzene:

1. Nitration Reaction: The nitration of benzene involves the reaction of benzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. The reaction is typically carried out under controlled conditions to ensure the desired isomers are obtained.

2. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: The nitration reaction follows an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. The nitronium ion (NO2+) is generated as an electrophile, which attacks the electron-rich benzene ring. The reaction results in the substitution of one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring with a nitro group (-NO2).

3. Isomeric Nitrobenzenes: The position of the nitro group can vary, resulting in different isomers of nitrobenzene. The three main isomers are ortho-nitrobenzene (o-nitrobenzene), meta-nitrobenzene (m-nitrobenzene), and para-nitrobenzene (p-nitrobenzene). The prefixes "ortho," "meta," and "para" refer to the relative positions of the nitro group on the benzene ring.

- Ortho-nitrobenzene (o-nitrobenzene): The nitro group is attached to two adjacent carbon atoms on the benzene ring. - Meta-nitrobenzene (m-nitrobenzene): The nitro group is attached to carbon atoms that are separated by one carbon atom on the benzene ring. - Para-nitrobenzene (p-nitrobenzene): The nitro group is attached to carbon atoms that are opposite each other on the benzene ring.

The specific isomers obtained depend on the reaction conditions and the ratio of reactants used.

Please note that the specific reaction conditions and procedures may vary depending on the source and the desired isomers. It is important to consult reliable sources and follow appropriate safety protocols when conducting chemical reactions.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.