Question

Вычислите массовые доли элементов в следующих кислотах: hcl, h2co3, hno3, h2so4

Answer 1

W(Э)=Ar(Э)·a/Mr
HCl
W(H)=1·1/36,5=0,03 или 3%
W(Cl)=100%-3%=97%
H₂CO₃
W(H)=1·2/62=0,03 или 3%
W(C)=12·1/62=0,19 или 19%
W(O)=100%-22%=78%
HNO₃
W(H)=1·1/63=0,02 или 2%
W(N)=14·1/63=0,22 или 22%
W(O)=100%-24%=76%
H₂SO₄
W(H)=1·2/98=0,02 или 2%
W(S)=32·1/98=0,33 или 33%
W(O)=100%-35%=65%

Answer 2

Calculating the Mass Percentages of Elements in Acids

Let's calculate the mass percentages of elements in the following acids: HCl, H2CO3, HNO3, H2SO4.

1. HCl: - Hydrochloric acid (HCl) consists of hydrogen and chlorine. - The molar mass of hydrogen (H) is approximately 1.008 g/mol, and the molar mass of chlorine (Cl) is approximately 35.453 g/mol. - To calculate the mass percentage of each element, we need to consider the molar mass of the whole compound.

2. H2CO3: - Carbonic acid (H2CO3) contains hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. - The molar mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12.01 g/mol, and the molar mass of oxygen (O) is approximately 16.00 g/mol.

3. HNO3: - Nitric acid (HNO3) is composed of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. - The molar mass of nitrogen (N) is approximately 14.01 g/mol.

4. H2SO4: - Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) contains hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. - The molar mass of sulfur (S) is approximately 32.07 g/mol.

Now, let's calculate the mass percentages for each acid based on the molar masses of their constituent elements.

HCl: - Hydrogen (H): - Molar mass: 1.008 g/mol - Chlorine (Cl): - Molar mass: 35.453 g/mol

H2CO3: - Hydrogen (H): - Molar mass: 1.008 g/mol - Carbon (C): - Molar mass: 12.01 g/mol - Oxygen (O): - Molar mass: 16.00 g/mol

HNO3: - Hydrogen (H): - Molar mass: 1.008 g/mol - Nitrogen (N): - Molar mass: 14.01 g/mol - Oxygen (O): - Molar mass: 16.00 g/mol

H2SO4: - Hydrogen (H): - Molar mass: 1.008 g/mol - Sulfur (S): - Molar mass: 32.07 g/mol - Oxygen (O): - Molar mass: 16.00 g/mol

Let's calculate the mass percentages for each acid based on the molar masses of their constituent elements.