Question

При нитровании 156 г бензола получили 200 г нитробензола. Сколько процентов это составляет от теоретически возможного выхода?

Answer 1

C6H6 + HNO3 --> C6H5NO2 + H2O

n(C6H6) = m/M= 15,6г : 78г/моль=0,2моль

Из уравнения реакции n(C6H6)=n(C6H5NO2)=0,2моль

m(теоретическая, C6H5NO2)=n*M= 0,2моль*123г/моль=24,6г

N(выход продукта C6H5NO2) = m(практ.) : m(теор.) * 100% = 20г : 24,6г * 100% = 81,3%

Ответ: 81,3%.

Answer 2

Calculation of Percentage Yield in Nitration Reaction

To calculate the percentage yield of a chemical reaction, we can use the formula:

Percentage Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%

In this case, the actual yield of nitrobenzene is 200 g, and the theoretical yield can be calculated from the amount of benzene used in the reaction, which is 156 g.

Using the formula: Percentage Yield = (200 g / Theoretical Yield) x 100%

We need to calculate the theoretical yield of nitrobenzene to determine the percentage yield.

Calculating Theoretical Yield of Nitrobenzene

The molar mass of benzene is 78.11 g/mol, and the molar mass of nitrobenzene is 123.11 g/mol. The balanced chemical equation for the nitration of benzene is:

C6H6 + HNO3 → C6H5NO2 + H2O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of benzene reacts with 1 mole of nitric acid to produce 1 mole of nitrobenzene.

Using the molar masses and the stoichiometry of the reaction, we can calculate the theoretical yield of nitrobenzene.

Calculation

1. Calculate the moles of benzene used: Moles of Benzene = Mass of Benzene / Molar Mass of Benzene Moles of Benzene = 156 g / 78.11 g/mol

2. Calculate the moles of nitrobenzene produced based on the moles of benzene used: Moles of Nitrobenzene = Moles of Benzene

3. Calculate the theoretical yield of nitrobenzene: Theoretical Yield = Moles of Nitrobenzene x Molar Mass of Nitrobenzene

Final Calculation

After calculating the theoretical yield of nitrobenzene, we can use it to find the percentage yield using the formula mentioned earlier.

I will now calculate the theoretical yield of nitrobenzene and then proceed to find the percentage yield.