Question

СРОЧНО! Скласти план до тексту УКРАЇНСЬКА ХАТА Даю 34 бала! Давня українська хата. Високий поріг, на стінах та вікнах барвисті рушники, розмальована піч, красуня скриня. Пахне травами... Як і кожне східнослов'янське житло, українська хата в минулому мала нерухомі меблі, які майстрували одночасно з нею: піл, лави, полиці для посуду, скриню, стільці, дитячу колиску. В одних регіонах стіни хати білили, у рублених оселях мили водою, але по всій Україні від Карпат до Дону все- редині, а часто й зовні прикрашали розписами. Майже четверту частину хати займала розмальована чи оздоблена кахлями піч. Побутує багато прикмет і повір'їв, пов'язаних із нею. Наприклад, якщо запалений уперше вогонь горів ясно, то життя тут буде радісне, якщо тьмяно, дим ішов на хату, то й ладу не буде в ній. Сволок також прикрашали. Найчастіше різьбленими календарними знаками. Зазначали й дату будівництва житла, прізвище майстра. На сволок клали дрібні речі: веретена, книжки, квіти, а також хліб (Л. Орел).

Answer 1

Ukrainian Hut: Description and Features

The Ukrainian hut, also known as "Ukrainska khata," is a traditional dwelling that was commonly found in Ukraine in the past. It is characterized by its high threshold, colorful embroidered towels on the walls and windows, a decorated stove, and a beautiful chest. The hut is often adorned with the scent of herbs, which adds to its charm [[1]].

Similar to other Eastern Slavic dwellings, the Ukrainian hut used to have immovable furniture that was crafted simultaneously with the house itself. This furniture included beds, benches, shelves for dishes, chests, chairs, and cradles for children. While some regions whitewashed the walls of the hut, others washed them with water. However, throughout Ukraine, from the Carpathian Mountains to the Don River, the hut's exterior was often decorated with paintings [[1]].

Approximately one-fourth of the hut was occupied by a painted or tiled stove. The stove was not only a source of heat but also a central element of the interior design. It was common for the stove to be adorned with various symbols and designs. Some of these decorations included carved calendar signs, which indicated the date of construction and the name of the master. Additionally, small items such as spindles, books, flowers, and bread were placed on the stove as decorations [[1]].

Beliefs and Superstitions Associated with the Ukrainian Hut

The Ukrainian hut was not only a place to live but also a center of various beliefs and superstitions. For example, the way the first fire burned in the stove was believed to be an omen for the future. If the fire burned brightly, it was seen as a sign of a joyful life in the hut. However, if the fire burned dimly and smoke filled the house, it was believed that there would be no harmony in the household [[1]].

The Ukrainian hut was also adorned with a "svolok," a decorative element that was often hung above the stove. The svolok was usually carved with intricate designs and served as a symbol of protection and good luck. It was believed that the svolok could ward off evil spirits and bring prosperity to the household [[1]].

In conclusion, the Ukrainian hut is a traditional dwelling that was characterized by its unique features such as colorful embroidered towels, a decorated stove, and a beautiful chest. It was not only a place to live but also a center of various beliefs and superstitions. The hut's interior and exterior decorations, as well as the way the first fire burned in the stove, were believed to have symbolic meanings and influence the well-being of the household [[1]].