Question

Срочно, помогите, пожалуйста! (даю 55 балла) Назовите принципы, объединяющие когнитивизм и гештальтпсихологию.

Answer 1

Первый из них -- принцип взаимодействия фигуры и фона -- гласит, что каждый гештальт воспринимается как фигура, имеющая четкие очертания и выделяющаяся в данный момент из окружающего мира, представляющего собой по отношению к фигуре более размытый и недифференцированный фон. Формирование фигуры, с точки зрения гештальтпсихологии, означает проявление интереса к чему-либо и сосредоточение внимания на данном объекте с целью удовлетворения возникшего интереса.

Второй принцип, часто называемый законом прегнантности или равновесия, базируется на том, что человеческая психика, как и любая динамическая система, стремится к максимальному в наличных условиях состоянию стабильности.

Answer 2

Формирование фигуры, с точки зрения гештальтпсихологии, означает проявление интереса к чему-либо и сосредоточение внимания на данном объекте с целью удовлетворения возникшего интереса.

Answer 3

#### Principles Unifying Cognitive Psychology and Gestalt Psychology Cognitive psychology and Gestalt psychology are two influential approaches in the field of psychology. While they have distinct perspectives, there are some principles that unify these two approaches. Let's explore these principles in more detail: **1. Focus on Perception and Cognition:** Both cognitive psychology and Gestalt psychology emphasize the importance of perception and cognition in understanding human behavior and mental processes. They recognize that our perception of the world and our cognitive processes play a crucial role in how we interpret and interact with our environment. **2. Emphasis on Organization and Structure:** Both approaches highlight the significance of organization and structure in human perception and cognition. Gestalt psychology emphasizes the idea that our perception is not simply a sum of individual sensory elements but is influenced by the organization and structure of those elements. Similarly, cognitive psychology recognizes the role of mental structures and processes in organizing and making sense of information. **3. Holistic Approach:** Both cognitive psychology and Gestalt psychology take a holistic approach to understanding human behavior and mental processes. Gestalt psychology emphasizes the importance of studying the whole rather than focusing solely on individual parts. Similarly, cognitive psychology recognizes the interconnectedness of various cognitive processes and the need to study them in relation to each other. **4. Problem-Solving and Insight:** Both approaches acknowledge the role of problem-solving and insight in human cognition. Cognitive psychology explores how individuals solve problems, make decisions, and generate insights through various cognitive processes such as reasoning, problem-solving strategies, and creativity. Gestalt psychology also emphasizes the role of insight in problem-solving and the ability to restructure information to gain a new perspective. **5. Experimental Approach:** Both cognitive psychology and Gestalt psychology rely on experimental methods to study human behavior and mental processes. They emphasize the importance of empirical research and systematic observation to test hypotheses and gain a deeper understanding of cognitive phenomena. It is important to note that while these principles provide a general framework for understanding the similarities between cognitive psychology and Gestalt psychology, there are also differences between the two approaches. Cognitive psychology focuses more on internal mental processes, whereas Gestalt psychology emphasizes the role of perception and the organization of sensory information. Additionally, cognitive psychology has a broader scope and encompasses a wider range of topics beyond perception and cognition. Overall, the principles mentioned above highlight the common ground between cognitive psychology and Gestalt psychology, demonstrating their shared interest in understanding human perception, cognition, and problem-solving processes.