Question

чим відрізняються електричний струм в металевих провідниках від електричного струму в рідинах і газах​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

при изменении тока в металле количество носителей тока не изменяется, при сильном токе проводимость ухудшается и зависимость тока от напряжения вначале вначале прямо пропорциональна а потом уменьшается от прямой пропорциональности.
сопротивление металла при малых напряжениях и токах постоянно, при больших токах увеличивается

в газе и жидкости наоборот, количество носителей тока зависит от силы тока, чем сильнее напряжение и ток тем больше носителей. поэтому вольтамперная характеристика растет быстрее чем прямая зависимость. она скорее квадратичная или даже экспоненциальная.
сопротивление газа и жидкости не постоянно и уменьшается при увеличении напряжения и тока

Answer 2

Difference between electric current in metal conductors and electric current in liquids and gases

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. While the basic principles of electric current apply to all conductors, there are some differences between electric current in metal conductors and electric current in liquids and gases.

Electric current in metal conductors: - In metal conductors, electric current is carried by the movement of free electrons. Metals have a large number of free electrons that are loosely bound to their atoms, allowing them to move freely within the material. - The flow of electrons in metal conductors is facilitated by the presence of a voltage difference or potential difference across the conductor. When a voltage is applied, the free electrons move from the region of higher potential to the region of lower potential, creating an electric current. - The movement of electrons in metal conductors is relatively easy due to the presence of a well-defined crystal lattice structure that allows for efficient electron flow. - Metal conductors generally have low resistance to the flow of electric current, which means that they allow a large amount of current to pass through them with minimal obstruction.

Electric current in liquids and gases: - In liquids and gases, electric current can be carried by either ions or electrons, depending on the nature of the conductor. - In electrolytes, such as saltwater or solutions containing ions, electric current is carried by the movement of ions. When a voltage is applied, positive ions move towards the negative electrode (cathode), while negative ions move towards the positive electrode (anode), creating an electric current. - In gases, electric current can be carried by either the movement of ions or the movement of electrons. In ionized gases, such as plasma, electric current is carried by the movement of ions. In non-ionized gases, such as air, electric current can be carried by the movement of electrons through a process called electron conduction. - The movement of ions or electrons in liquids and gases is generally slower compared to metal conductors due to factors such as higher resistance and less efficient pathways for electron or ion flow. - Liquids and gases generally have higher resistance to the flow of electric current compared to metal conductors, which means that they impede the flow of current to a greater extent.

In summary, the main difference between electric current in metal conductors and electric current in liquids and gases lies in the nature of the charge carriers (electrons or ions) and the ease of their movement within the conductor. Metal conductors primarily rely on the movement of free electrons, while liquids and gases can carry current through the movement of ions or electrons. Metal conductors generally have lower resistance and more efficient pathways for electron flow, allowing for easier and larger current flow compared to liquids and gases.