Question

Реформацию часто называют религиозной революцией. Выберите два верных суждения о Реформации.1 Мартин Лютер выступления народа поддержал и стал активным участником Крестьянской войны в Германии.2 Учение Кальвина призывало человека надеяться на Бога и пассивно ожидать свершения своей судьбы.3 Для борьбы с Реформацией был создан орден иезуитов, стремившийся «вернуть заблудшие массы в ограду церкви».4 Реформация началась в Италии в XV в.5 Основным результатом победы Реформации в Англии и окончания гражданских войн во Франции стало укрепление в них абсолютизма.

Answer 1

Ответ:

3 Для борьбы с Реформацией был создан орден иезуитов, стремившийся «вернуть заблудшие массы в ограду церкви».

5 Основным результатом победы Реформации в Англии и окончания гражданских войн во Франции стало укрепление в них абсолютизма.

Answer 2

The Reformation as a Religious Revolution

The Reformation is often referred to as a religious revolution due to its significant impact on the religious landscape of Europe during the 16th century. It was a period of religious and social upheaval that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestant denominations. Let's evaluate the statements provided and identify the two correct ones.

Statement 1: Martin Luther supported and actively participated in the Peasants' War in Germany.

This statement is incorrect. While Martin Luther's teachings and criticisms of the Catholic Church played a significant role in sparking the Reformation, he did not support or actively participate in the Peasants' War. In fact, Luther condemned the violence and uprising associated with the Peasants' War, urging the authorities to suppress it. [[1]]

Statement 2: Calvinism taught individuals to rely on God and passively await their destiny.

This statement is correct. John Calvin, a prominent figure in the Reformation, emphasized the concept of predestination, which taught that God has already determined the fate of individuals. Calvinism encouraged believers to have faith in God and passively accept their predetermined destiny. This theological perspective had a profound influence on the development of Protestantism. [[2]]

Statement 3: The Jesuit order was created to combat the Reformation and bring back the masses to the Catholic Church.

This statement is correct. The Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola. The Jesuits played a crucial role in the Counter-Reformation, a movement within the Catholic Church aimed at addressing the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation. The Jesuits sought to reestablish Catholic authority, promote education, and undertake missionary work to win back those who had converted to Protestantism. [[3]]

Statement 4: The Reformation began in Italy in the 15th century.

This statement is incorrect. The Reformation did not begin in Italy. It originated in Germany in the early 16th century with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, which criticized the Catholic Church's practices and doctrines. The Reformation then spread to other parts of Europe, including Switzerland, England, Scotland, and the Netherlands. [[4]]

Statement 5: The main outcome of the Reformation in England and the end of the civil wars in France was the strengthening of absolutism.

This statement is incorrect. The Reformation did not lead to the strengthening of absolutism in England or the end of civil wars in France. In England, the Reformation resulted in the establishment of the Church of England and the break from papal authority, but it did not significantly strengthen absolutism. In France, the Reformation contributed to religious conflicts, such as the French Wars of Religion, rather than ending civil wars or strengthening absolutism. [[5]]

In summary, the two correct statements about the Reformation are: 1. Calvinism taught individuals to rely on God and passively await their destiny. 2. The Jesuit order was created to combat the Reformation and bring back the masses to the Catholic Church.

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