Question

Рынок описывается уравнениями:Спрос Qd = 20 – PПредложение Qs = 2P – 10Где Q – объем спроса(d) или предложения (s), в штуках Р – цена в рублях.1Найдите равновесную цену и количество товара2Чему равна выручка продавцов в равновесии3Что будет наблюдаться на рынке, если государство зафиксирует цену на уровне 5 рублей?

Answer 1

Решение:
Запишем условие рыночного равновесия: QD = QS.
20 – Р = 2Р-10; 3Р = 30; Р = 10 – равновесная цена
Равновесный объем продажи определим, подставив значение Р: QD = QS
20 – 10 = 2*10-10 10=10 Q = 10 - равновесный объем продаж
Выручка равна: 10*10 = 100
Если государство  зафиксирует цену на уровне 5 руб. ,то,
Объем спроса составит:QD = 20 – 5 = 15;
Объем предложения:QS = 2*5-10 = 0.
Итак, объем предложения будет ниже объема спроса. Образуется дефицит товара в размере:
QD – QS =  15 – 0 = 15.

Answer 2

Market Equilibrium

The market equilibrium occurs when the quantity demanded (Qd) is equal to the quantity supplied (Qs). To find the equilibrium price and quantity, we need to set the demand and supply equations equal to each other and solve for P.

The demand equation is given as: Qd = 20 - P The supply equation is given as: Qs = 2P - 10

To find the equilibrium price, we set Qd equal to Qs: 20 - P = 2P - 10

Simplifying the equation, we get: 3P = 30 P = 10

Therefore, the equilibrium price is 10 rubles.

To find the equilibrium quantity, we substitute the equilibrium price (P = 10) into either the demand or supply equation. Let's use the demand equation: Qd = 20 - P Qd = 20 - 10 Qd = 10

Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is 10 units.

Revenue at Equilibrium

To calculate the revenue at equilibrium, we multiply the equilibrium price by the equilibrium quantity. In this case, the equilibrium price is 10 rubles and the equilibrium quantity is 10 units.

Revenue = Price * Quantity Revenue = 10 * 10 Revenue = 100

Therefore, the revenue of sellers at equilibrium is 100 rubles.

Government Intervention

If the government fixes the price at 5 rubles, it will create a situation where the price is below the equilibrium price. This is known as a price ceiling.

At a price of 5 rubles, the quantity demanded (Qd) will be greater than the quantity supplied (Qs). This means there will be excess demand or a shortage in the market. Buyers will want to purchase more goods at the lower price, but sellers will not be willing to supply as much at that price.

As a result, there will be a scarcity of the product, and consumers may have difficulty finding the goods they want at the fixed price of 5 rubles. This can lead to long queues, black markets, or other forms of market distortions as buyers try to obtain the product at the fixed price.

In summary, if the government fixes the price at 5 rubles, we can expect a shortage of the product and potential market distortions due to excess demand at the fixed price.