Question

Функция предложения на говядину имеет вид: QD = 30 – P, где QD – величина спроса на говядину за день (кг), а Р – цена за один килограмм. Функция предложения описана следующим уравнением: QS = 15 + 2P, где QS – величина предложения за день (кг). 1. построить графики спроса и предложения; 2. найти равновесный объём и равновесную цену на мясо; 3. какая ситуация возникнет на рынке мяса, если цена установится на уровне 3 ден.ед. за кг?

Answer 1

1. Графики приложены

2. 30 - P = 15 + 2P
3P = 15
P = 5
Равновесная цена равна 5 (ден. ед.), равновесный объём объём 30 - 5 = 25 (кг).

3. QD = 30 - 3 = 27 (кг), QS = 15 + 2 * 3 = 21 (кг). Предложение будет больше спроса, возникнут излишки товара.

Answer 2

Supply and Demand Analysis for Beef

To answer your question, let's analyze the supply and demand functions for beef and find the equilibrium price and quantity. We'll also discuss the situation that would arise if the price were to be set at 3 den. ed. per kilogram.

1. Graphing the Demand and Supply Functions: The demand function for beef is given by QD = 30 - P, where QD represents the quantity demanded per day in kilograms, and P represents the price per kilogram. The supply function for beef is given by QS = 15 + 2P, where QS represents the quantity supplied per day in kilograms.

To graph these functions, we can plot the quantity on the y-axis and the price on the x-axis. Let's plot the demand and supply curves using the given equations:


In the graph above, the blue line represents the demand curve, and the red line represents the supply curve.

2. Finding the Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The equilibrium price and quantity occur at the point where the demand and supply curves intersect. At this point, the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.

To find the equilibrium price, we can set the demand and supply functions equal to each other and solve for P:

30 - P = 15 + 2P

Simplifying the equation, we get:

3P = 15

P = 5 den. ed. per kg

Substituting this value back into either the demand or supply function, we can find the equilibrium quantity:

QD = 30 - P = 30 - 5 = 25 kg

Therefore, the equilibrium price for beef is 5 den. ed. per kilogram, and the equilibrium quantity is 25 kilograms per day.

3. Situation at a Price of 3 den. ed. per kg: If the price of beef were to be set at 3 den. ed. per kilogram, it would be below the equilibrium price. This means that the price is lower than what the market would naturally settle at.

At this price, the quantity demanded would exceed the quantity supplied. Consumers would demand more beef than producers are willing to supply at that price. This situation is known as excess demand or a shortage.

The shortage would create pressure for the price to increase. As the price rises, the quantity demanded would decrease, and the quantity supplied would increase until the market reaches a new equilibrium.

It's important to note that the specific adjustments in price and quantity would depend on various factors, such as the elasticity of demand and supply, market conditions, and the time period under consideration.

I hope this explanation helps you understand the supply and demand analysis for beef and the concept of equilibrium price and quantity. Let me know if you have any further questions!