Question

Определите общественно необходимые затраты труда (ОНЗТ) производства единицы продукции, если известно, что 1-й производитель на производство тратит 3:00 и производит 10 тыс. Изделий; 2-й - 4:00 и производит 100 тыс. Изделий; 3-й - 5:00 и производит 500 тыс. Изделий. Какое значение имеет в рыночной экономике определения ОНЗТ единицы товара и всей совокупности?

Answer 1

(3х10 000 + 4х100 000 + 5 х 500 000)÷ (10 000 + 100 000 + 500 000) = 2930 000÷610 000 = 4,8
ОНЗт позволяет определить положение производителя. Если его затраты больше, чем ОНЗТ, то он получит убыток,  а если меньше  - прибыль

Answer 2

Calculating Socially Necessary Labor Time (SNLT)

To determine the socially necessary labor time (SNLT) for the production of a unit of a product, we can use the following formula:

SNLT = Total Labor Time / Total Quantity of Products

Using the given information: 1. The first producer spends 3 hours (or 3:00) to produce 10,000 units. 2. The second producer spends 4 hours (or 4:00) to produce 100,000 units. 3. The third producer spends 5 hours (or 5:00) to produce 500,000 units.

We can calculate the SNLT for each producer using the formula mentioned above.

Calculations:

1. For the first producer: - SNLT = 3:00 / 10,000 = 0.0003 hours per unit

2. For the second producer: - SNLT = 4:00 / 100,000 = 0.00004 hours per unit

3. For the third producer: - SNLT = 5:00 / 500,000 = 0.00001 hours per unit

Significance in a Market Economy

In a market economy, the determination of the SNLT for a unit of a product and the entire aggregate is crucial for several reasons: - Pricing: SNLT plays a significant role in determining the value of a product in a market economy. Products that require less labor time to produce are generally valued lower than those that require more labor time. - Efficiency: Understanding the SNLT helps in evaluating the efficiency of production processes. It allows producers to compare their production times with the socially necessary labor time, thereby identifying areas for improvement. - Resource Allocation: SNLT influences resource allocation by providing insights into the labor time required for different products. This information helps in making decisions about resource allocation and production planning.

In summary, the concept of SNLT is essential in a market economy as it influences pricing, efficiency, and resource allocation in the production of goods and services.

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