Question

Спрос и предложение на отечественном рынке магнитофонов могут быть формализованы с помощью следующих аналитических зависимостей: QD = 1000 – 5P и QS = -400 + 5P где Р – цена магнитофона, долл.; Q – количество магнитофонов, тыс. шт. Мировая цена магнитофона составляет 100 долл. Правительство страны принимает решение о введении таможенной импортной пошлины. Определите величину таможенной пошлины, если после ее введения объем импорта магнитофонов сократился в количественном выражении на 25 %.

Answer 1

Ответ:

10

Объяснение:

Для начала проверим равновесную цену, возможна ли торговля на отечественном рынке без мировой торговли. 1000 - 5Р = -400 + 5Р, значит цена равна 140, а это больше мировой цены, значит без мировой торговли обходиться невыгодно. Значит отечественный производитель при мировой цене 100 производит 100 магнитофонов, а количество магнитофонов, на которые предъявляется спрос равно 500, значит покупается 400 магнитофонов на мировом рынке. Раз это количество сократилось на 25 процентов, то их стало 300, значит QD-QS=300. В таком случае цена равна 110. Пошлина равна 10, так как при мировой цене 110 отечественный производитель производит 150, а спрос предъявляется на 450 магнитофонов. 300 магнитофонов импортируется, как мы и предполагали.

Answer 2

Understanding the Question

The question asks us to determine the amount of customs duty imposed by the government of a country on imported cassette recorders if the volume of imports of cassette recorders decreased by 25% after the introduction of the duty. The question provides the following analytical dependencies to formalize the supply and demand in the domestic market for cassette recorders:

- QD = 1000 - 5P: Demand equation, where QD represents the quantity demanded of cassette recorders (in thousands) and P represents the price of cassette recorders (in dollars). - QS = -400 + 5P: Supply equation, where QS represents the quantity supplied of cassette recorders (in thousands) and P represents the price of cassette recorders (in dollars). - The world price of a cassette recorder is $100.

We need to calculate the amount of customs duty imposed by the government.

Analyzing the Situation

To solve this problem, we need to find the equilibrium price and quantity in the absence of customs duty and then determine the new equilibrium price and quantity after the introduction of the duty. The difference between the two quantities will give us the volume of imports that decreased due to the duty.

Solving the Problem

Let's start by finding the equilibrium price and quantity in the absence of customs duty.

To find the equilibrium price, we need to set the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied:

QD = QS

Substituting the given equations:

1000 - 5P = -400 + 5P

Simplifying the equation:

10P = 1400

P = 140

The equilibrium price in the absence of customs duty is $140.

Now, let's find the equilibrium quantity by substituting the equilibrium price into either the demand or supply equation. Let's use the demand equation:

QD = 1000 - 5P

QD = 1000 - 5(140)

QD = 1000 - 700

QD = 300

The equilibrium quantity in the absence of customs duty is 300,000 cassette recorders.

Next, we need to determine the new equilibrium price and quantity after the introduction of the customs duty. We know that the volume of imports of cassette recorders decreased by 25% after the duty was imposed. This means the new quantity demanded will be 75% of the original equilibrium quantity.

New QD = 0.75 * 300

New QD = 225

To find the new equilibrium price, we substitute the new quantity demanded into the demand equation:

225 = 1000 - 5P

5P = 1000 - 225

5P = 775

P = 155

The new equilibrium price after the introduction of the customs duty is $155.

Finally, we can calculate the volume of imports that decreased due to the duty:

Decrease in imports = Original QD - New QD

Decrease in imports = 300 - 225

Decrease in imports = 75,000 cassette recorders

Therefore, the volume of imports of cassette recorders decreased by 75,000 units after the introduction of the customs duty.

Answer

The amount of customs duty imposed by the government is not provided in the question. However, we have determined that the volume of imports of cassette recorders decreased by 75,000 units after the introduction of the duty.