Question

 С6-методы регулирования государством экономики.Помогите пожалуйста

Answer 1

Государство влияет на развитие экономики в современных условиях через следующие функции:
1.Создание правовой базы -*предполагает создание системы политических и юридических гарантий, которые обеспечивали бы равенство всех перед законом и судом, взаимную ответственность государства и личности. Необходимо развитие и совершенствование законодательства. В настоящее время принято достаточное количество законодательных актов, создающих основы для дальнейшего развития нашего демократического и правового государства. Это: Конституция Российской Федерации, Закон о гражданстве, Гражданский кодекс РФ, Трудовой и жилищный кодексы РФ.
2.Защита конкуренции - осуществляется при помощи антимонопольного законодательства. Запрещаются поддержание монопольно высокой цены товара;  навязывание контрагенту невыгодных условий договора;  уклонение от заключения договора с отдельными покупателями (заказчиками); необоснованное установление различных цен на один и тот же товар; создание дискриминационных условий и.т.д.
3.Перераспределение доходов и ресурсов – существующая рыночная система создает значительные неравенства в доходах населения. Существует несправедливая дифференциация доходов, монополизм. Поэтому необходимо регулирование рыночной экономики. Оптимальное регулирование рыночной экономики необходимо достичь через рыночное вмешательство путем модификации рыночных цен, прогрессивное налогообложение личных доходов. Это: пособия остро нуждающимся, пенсия инвалидам, иждивенцам, пособие по безработице.  

Answer 2

Methods of Economic Regulation by the State

The state plays a crucial role in regulating the economy to ensure stability, promote growth, and protect the interests of its citizens. There are several methods that governments use to regulate the economy. Let's explore some of the key methods below:

1. Fiscal Policy: Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. Governments can use expansionary fiscal policy, such as increasing government spending or reducing taxes, to stimulate economic growth during periods of recession. Conversely, contractionary fiscal policy, such as reducing government spending or increasing taxes, can be used to control inflation and cool down an overheating economy.

2. Monetary Policy: Monetary policy involves the management of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank. Central banks use various tools, such as open market operations, reserve requirements, and discount rates, to influence the availability and cost of credit in the economy. By adjusting these tools, central banks can control inflation, stabilize prices, and promote economic growth.

3. Regulation and Oversight: Governments regulate various sectors of the economy to ensure fair competition, protect consumers, and maintain stability. This can include setting and enforcing industry standards, monitoring market activities, and preventing monopolistic practices. Regulatory bodies are responsible for overseeing sectors such as finance, telecommunications, energy, and transportation.

4. Industrial Policy: Industrial policy refers to government interventions aimed at promoting specific industries or sectors. Governments may provide subsidies, tax incentives, or grants to encourage investment, research and development, and innovation in targeted industries. Industrial policy can also involve trade protection measures, such as tariffs or quotas, to shield domestic industries from foreign competition.

5. Social Welfare Programs: Governments implement social welfare programs to provide a safety net for vulnerable populations and promote social equity. These programs can include unemployment benefits, healthcare, education, housing assistance, and income support. Social welfare programs aim to reduce poverty, inequality, and social exclusion.

6. Public Investment: Governments can stimulate economic growth and development by investing in infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, airports, and public transportation. Public investment not only creates jobs and boosts economic activity in the short term but also enhances productivity and competitiveness in the long term.

It is important to note that the specific methods and extent of state intervention in the economy can vary across countries and depend on factors such as political ideology, economic conditions, and societal preferences. Governments often employ a combination of these methods to achieve their economic objectives.

I hope this provides you with a comprehensive overview of the methods used by governments to regulate the economy. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!