Question

С1. Напишите уравнения реакций, с помощью которых можно осуществить превращения, укажите условия протекания: СН4 → С2Н2 → С2Н4 → С2Н5Сl → С2Н4 → С2Н5 ОН Решите задачи с учётом массовой доли выхода и примеси, избытка и недостатка.

Answer 1

Решение цепи на прикрепленном доке

Answer 2

Equations and Conditions for the Given Transformations:

To carry out the given transformations, we need to write the equations for each reaction and specify the conditions under which they occur.

1. Methane to Ethyne (Acetylene): - Equation: CH4 → C2H2 - Conditions: This reaction can be achieved by subjecting methane (CH4) to high temperatures (around 800-900°C) and using a suitable catalyst, such as platinum or palladium [[1]].

2. Ethyne (Acetylene) to Ethene: - Equation: C2H2 → C2H4 - Conditions: This reaction can be accomplished by adding hydrogen (H2) to acetylene (C2H2) in the presence of a catalyst, such as Lindlar's catalyst (a palladium catalyst poisoned with lead) or a mixture of palladium and barium sulfate [[2]].

3. Ethene to Ethyl Chloride: - Equation: C2H4 + HCl → C2H5Cl - Conditions: This reaction involves the addition of hydrogen chloride (HCl) to ethene (C2H4) in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or a Lewis acid like aluminum chloride (AlCl3) [[3]].

4. Ethyl Chloride to Ethene: - Equation: C2H5Cl → C2H4 - Conditions: This reaction can be achieved by heating ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl) with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), in an alcohol solvent, such as ethanol (C2H5OH) [[4]].

5. Ethene to Ethanol: - Equation: C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH - Conditions: This reaction involves the addition of water (H2O) to ethene (C2H4) in the presence of a catalyst, such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) [[5]].

Problem Solving with Mass Fraction, Excess, and Deficiency:

To solve problems involving mass fraction, excess, and deficiency, we need specific numerical values for the given reactants and products. Please provide the relevant numerical information, and I will be happy to assist you further with the calculations.

Let me know if there's anything else I can help you with!