Question

что такое электроотрицательность? как изменяется электроотрицательность p- элементов в периоде, в группе периодической системы с увеличением порядкового номера? почему?

Answer 1

Эле́ктроотрица́тельность (χ) — фундаментальное химическое свойство атома, количественная характеристика способности атома в молекуле смещать к себе общие электронные пары. Значит, самый отрицательный -- F. Теперь рассмотрим, как изменяется электроотрицательность по горизонтали. Элементы, стоящие в одном периоде, накапливают электроны сначала на предпоследнем уровне, а потом на последнем.

Answer 2

What is Electronegativity?

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. It is a property of atoms that determines how they tend to form chemical bonds. The electronegativity of an element can vary based on its position in the periodic table.

Change in Electronegativity of P-Elements in a Period and a Group of the Periodic Table

In a period (horizontal row) of the periodic table, the electronegativity of P-elements generally increases from left to right. In a group (vertical column) of the periodic table, the electronegativity of P-elements generally decreases as you move down the group.

The electronegativity of elements generally increases across a period due to the increasing effective nuclear charge, which attracts the bonding electrons more strongly. In a group, the electronegativity generally decreases as the atomic size increases, leading to a weaker attraction for bonding electrons.

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Reasons for the Change in Electronegativity

The change in electronegativity of P-elements in a period and a group of the periodic table can be attributed to several factors:

1. Periodic Trend: In a period, the increasing effective nuclear charge as you move from left to right leads to a stronger attraction for bonding electrons, resulting in higher electronegativity.

2. Atomic Size: In a group, the increase in atomic size as you move down the group leads to a weaker attraction for bonding electrons, resulting in lower electronegativity.

3. Shielding Effect: The shielding effect of inner electrons can also influence the electronegativity of elements. As the number of inner electrons increases, they shield the outer electrons from the full effect of the nuclear charge, affecting the electronegativity.

4. Nuclear Charge: The nuclear charge, which increases across a period, plays a significant role in determining electronegativity.

Source: I hope this helps! If you have further questions or need clarification on anything, feel free to ask.