Question

степени окисления элементов в HCHO.

Answer 1

Степени окисления
H -1
O -2
C+4

Answer 2

Oxidation States of Elements in HCHO

The oxidation states, or oxidation numbers, of elements in a compound can be determined by assigning hypothetical charges to each atom based on electronegativity and electron transfer. In the case of formaldehyde (HCHO), the oxidation states of the elements can be determined as follows:

- Hydrogen (H): Hydrogen typically has an oxidation state of +1 when bonded to nonmetals. Therefore, each hydrogen atom in HCHO is assigned an oxidation state of +1.

- Carbon (C): Carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen but less electronegative than oxygen. In HCHO, carbon is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Since the total charge of the compound must be zero, the oxidation state of carbon can be calculated by solving the equation: 2(+1) + x + (-2) = 0, where x represents the oxidation state of carbon. Solving this equation gives x = 0, so carbon in HCHO has an oxidation state of 0.

- Oxygen (O): Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen. In HCHO, oxygen is bonded to carbon and has a lone pair of electrons. Since the total charge of the compound must be zero, the oxidation state of oxygen can be calculated by solving the equation: x + 0 + (-2) = 0, where x represents the oxidation state of oxygen. Solving this equation gives x = +2, so oxygen in HCHO has an oxidation state of +2.

Therefore, the oxidation states of the elements in HCHO are as follows:

- Hydrogen (H): +1 - Carbon (C): 0 - Oxygen (O): +2

Please note that the oxidation states mentioned above are based on the electronegativity and electron transfer considerations and may not necessarily represent the actual charges on the atoms.