Question

Задание: Составить моллекулярное и ионное уравнение гидролиза солей карбоната натрия с образованием кислой соли. Сделать вывод о возможном образовании кислых солей при гидролизе. Помогите, пожайлуста.

Answer 1

1.Na2CO3+HOH=NaHCO3+NaOH
2Na(+) +CO3(2-) +HOH= Na(+) +HCO3(-)+ Na(+) +OH(-)         
CO2(2-) +HOH= HCO3(2-) +OH(-)


вывод: соли, образованные катионом сильного осно­вания и анионом слабой кислоты, подвергаются гидролизу, так как анионы слабой кислоты, связывая ион водорода, вызывают сдвиг равновесия воды в сторону образования гидроксид-ионов, от которых система приобретает щелочную среду

Answer 2

Molecular Equation for the Hydrolysis of Sodium Carbonate

The molecular equation for the hydrolysis of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with the formation of an acidic salt can be represented as follows:

Na2CO3 + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2CO3

Ionization of Sodium Carbonate

In water, sodium carbonate dissociates into its constituent ions:

Na2CO3 → 2Na+ + CO3^2-

Ionization of Water

Water can ionize into hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH-):

H2O → H3O+ + OH-

Hydrolysis of Sodium Carbonate

During the hydrolysis of sodium carbonate, water molecules react with the carbonate ion (CO3^2-) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) and hydroxide ions (OH-):

CO3^2- + H2O → HCO3- + OH-

The hydroxide ions (OH-) then react with the hydronium ions (H3O+) from the ionization of water to form water molecules:

OH- + H3O+ → 2H2O

Formation of Acidic Salt

As a result of the hydrolysis, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is formed as a base, and carbonic acid (H2CO3) is formed as an acidic salt. The carbonic acid can further dissociate into water and carbon dioxide (CO2):

H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

Therefore, the overall reaction can be summarized as:

Na2CO3 + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2CO3 → 2NaOH + H2O + CO2

Conclusion

The hydrolysis of sodium carbonate results in the formation of an acidic salt, carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can further decompose into water and carbon dioxide. This reaction demonstrates the ability of certain salts to undergo hydrolysis and form acidic salts.