Question

Опишите механизм электролитической диссоциации хлорида натрия. Какую роль играет вода в этом процессе?

Answer 1

NaCl ⇄ Na⁺ + Cl⁻
Нейтральная  молекула соли NaCl(поваренная соль)  подвергается распаду(диссоциации) на положительно заряженный ион Натрия - катион Na⁺, и отрицательно заряженный ион Хлора - анион Cl⁻.
Вода разрушает кристаллическую решётку Хлорида Натрия, вследствие чего и происходит распад.

Answer 2

Mechanism of Electrolytic Dissociation of Sodium Chloride

The electrolytic dissociation of sodium chloride (NaCl) occurs when it is dissolved in water. This process involves the separation of the NaCl compound into its constituent ions, sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions, due to the presence of water molecules.

When NaCl is added to water, the polar water molecules surround the Na+ and Cl- ions. The positive end of the water molecule, which is the hydrogen (H) atom, is attracted to the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-), while the negative end of the water molecule, which is the oxygen (O) atom, is attracted to the positively charged sodium ion (Na+). This attraction between the water molecules and the ions is known as solvation or hydration.

The solvation process weakens the attractive forces between the Na+ and Cl- ions, causing them to separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules. As a result, the NaCl compound dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions, forming a solution of sodium chloride.

Role of Water in the Electrolytic Dissociation Process

Water plays a crucial role in the electrolytic dissociation of sodium chloride. It acts as a solvent, providing a medium for the dissociation to occur. The polar nature of water molecules allows them to interact with the charged ions, facilitating their separation.

The oxygen atom in a water molecule has a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges. This polarity enables water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with the ions, stabilizing them in solution. The hydrogen bonds between water molecules and ions help overcome the attractive forces within the NaCl crystal lattice, allowing the ions to separate and move freely in the solution.

Additionally, water molecules also help in conducting electric current during the electrolytic dissociation process. The movement of ions in the solution, driven by the applied electric field, allows for the flow of electric charge. This phenomenon is essential in various electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and the functioning of electrochemical cells.

In summary, the presence of water molecules enables the electrolytic dissociation of sodium chloride by solvating the Na+ and Cl- ions. Water's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds with the ions facilitate the separation of the NaCl compound into