Question

Спасайте!!! Пожалуйста помогите решить)) заранее очень благодарна) 1)Докажите с помощью опыта, что аммониевые удобрения нельзя вносить в известковые почвы. Запишите уравнения реакций. 2)В одной из пробирок находится ортофосфорная кислота, во второй - серная, в третьей - соляная кислота. Докажите, в какой пробирке находится каждая из кислот.

Answer 1

1) Любая аммонийная соль разлагается щелочью
2NH4NO3+Ca(OH)2→2NH3↑+2H2O+Ca(NO3)2 по этому нельзя вносить этих удобрении в известковую почву,разлагаются!!!
2)Н3РО4+3AgNO3→Ag3PO4↓(желтый)+3НNO3
H2SO4+BaCI2→BaSO4↓(белый)+2HCI
HCI+AgNO3→AgCI↓(белый)+HNO3

Answer 2

Can ammonium fertilizers be applied to calcareous soils?

Ammonium fertilizers should not be applied to calcareous soils because the high pH of these soils can cause the ammonium ions to convert into ammonia gas, which can be lost to the atmosphere. This process is known as ammonia volatilization. The reaction involved in this process is as follows:

NH4+ (ammonium) + OH- (hydroxide) → NH3 (ammonia) + H2O (water)

The ammonia gas released can result in a significant loss of nitrogen from the soil, reducing the effectiveness of the fertilizer. Therefore, it is recommended to use other forms of nitrogen fertilizers, such as nitrate-based fertilizers, on calcareous soils.

Identifying the acids in the test tubes

To determine the acids present in the test tubes, we can perform simple tests to identify their characteristic properties.

1. Orthophosphoric acid: - Add a few drops of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to the first test tube. - If a white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4). The reaction involved is as follows: 3AgNO3 + H3PO4 → Ag3PO4 + 3HNO3 - The formation of a white precipitate of silver phosphate confirms the presence of orthophosphoric acid.

2. Sulfuric acid: - Add a few drops of barium chloride (BaCl2) solution to the second test tube. - If a white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction involved is as follows: BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl - The formation of a white precipitate of barium sulfate confirms the presence of sulfuric acid.

3. Hydrochloric acid: - Add a few drops of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to the third test tube. - If a white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The reaction involved is as follows: AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3 - The formation of a white precipitate of silver chloride confirms the presence of hydrochloric acid.

By performing these tests, you can determine which acid is present in each test tube based on the formation of specific precipitates.