Question

Строение атомов 3 периода и закономерности изменения свойств элементов в периодах

Answer 1

Свойства в периодах изменяются плавно, периодически от типичных металлов до типичных неметаллов, т.к. по одному накапливаются электроны.
Na 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
Mg 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²
Al   1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹
Si  1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p²
P   1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³
S   1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴
Cl  1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵
Ar  1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶

Answer 2

Structure of Atoms in the 3rd Period

The 3rd period of the periodic table consists of the elements sodium (Na) to argon (Ar). The structure of atoms in this period follows certain patterns and trends.

1. Atomic Structure: - The atoms in the 3rd period have varying numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons, leading to differences in their atomic structure. - Sodium (Na) has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons, while argon (Ar) has 18 protons, 18 electrons, and 22 neutrons.

2. Trends in Properties: - Atomic Size: The atomic size generally decreases across the period from left to right. This is due to the increasing nuclear charge, which attracts the electrons more strongly, leading to a decrease in atomic size. - Ionization Energy: Ionization energy generally increases across the period from left to right. This is because the effective nuclear charge increases, making it harder to remove an electron from the outer shell. - Electronegativity: Electronegativity generally increases across the period from left to right. This is due to the increasing nuclear charge, which attracts electrons more strongly, leading to higher electronegativity values.

3. Other Considerations: - The 3rd period also includes the transition from metals to nonmetals, with sodium and magnesium being metals, silicon being a metalloid, and sulfur and chlorine being nonmetals. - The period also includes the transition from alkali metals to noble gases, showcasing a wide range of chemical behaviors and properties.

In summary, the structure of atoms in the 3rd period of the periodic table exhibits distinct patterns in atomic size, ionization energy, and electronegativity, while also showcasing the transition from metals to nonmetals and from alkali metals to noble gases.

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