Question

К 153,6 г карбида кальция, содержащего 20% примесей, прибавили избыток воды. образовавшийся газ пропустили через водный раствор сульфата ртути (2). рассчитайте массу продукта реакции, если массовая доля его выхода составляет 60% от теоретически возможного.

Answer 1

Уравнения реакций:

(1) CaC2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

(2)C2H2 + H2O = CH3COH

Рассчитаем массу чистого вещества карбида кальция:

m(ч.в.) = 0,8моль*153,6г = 122,88г

Рассчитаем количество вещества карбида кальция:

n = m/M = 122,88г/64г/моль = 1,92моль

По уравнению реакции(1):

n(C2H2) = n(CaC2) = 1,92моль

По уравнению реакции(2):

n(CH3COH) = n(C2H2) = 1,92моль

С учетом 60% выхода:

n(CH3CHO) = 0,6*1,92моль = 1,152моль

Рассчитаем массу альдегида:

m = n*M = 1,152моль*44г/моль = 50,688г

 

Answer 2

Calculation of the Mass of the Reaction Product

To calculate the mass of the reaction product, we need to consider the reaction between calcium carbide (CaC2) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

CaC2 + 2H2O -> C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

From the given information, we know that the mass of calcium carbide is 153.6 g and it contains 20% impurities. Therefore, the mass of pure calcium carbide is 80% of 153.6 g:

Mass of pure calcium carbide = 0.8 * 153.6 g = 122.88 g

According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 1 mole of calcium carbide reacts with 2 moles of water to produce 1 mole of acetylene gas (C2H2) and 1 mole of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). The molar mass of calcium carbide is 64.1 g/mol.

Using the molar mass and the mass of pure calcium carbide, we can calculate the number of moles of calcium carbide:

Number of moles of calcium carbide = Mass of pure calcium carbide / Molar mass of calcium carbide

Number of moles of calcium carbide = 122.88 g / 64.1 g/mol ≈ 1.92 mol

Since the molar ratio between calcium carbide and the reaction product (C2H2) is 1:1, the number of moles of C2H2 produced is also 1.92 mol.

Now, we need to calculate the mass of the reaction product (C2H2) using its molar mass. The molar mass of acetylene (C2H2) is 26.04 g/mol.

Mass of reaction product (C2H2) = Number of moles of C2H2 * Molar mass of C2H2

Mass of reaction product (C2H2) = 1.92 mol * 26.04 g/mol ≈ 49.99 g

Therefore, the mass of the reaction product is approximately 49.99 grams.

Note: The given information does not provide the molar mass of the impurities or the molar mass of the reaction product (C2H2). Therefore, the calculation assumes that the impurities do not affect the molar mass of calcium carbide and that the reaction product is pure acetylene (C2H2).