Question

Помогите с химией 11 класс Написав уравнения реакций, позволяющих осуществить превращения: этан->хлорэтан->бутан->бутадиен->-1,3-> дивиниловый каучук, укажите условия при которых протекают реакции

Answer 1

Этан---->хлорэтан----->бутан---->бутадиен-1,3 (дивинил)--->дивиниловый каучук


                            hv
CH3-CH3 + Cl2 -------> CH3-CH2Cl + HCl 


                 (Реакция Вюрца)
CH3CH2Cl + Na -------> C4H10 + NaCl


                               t(высокая)/Сr2О3
СН3-СН2-СН2-СН3 -------------------> СН2=СН-СН=СН2 + 2Н2


                                  t/kat
CH2=CH-CH=CH2---------->(-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n

Answer 2

Transformation of Ethane to Chloroethane

The transformation of ethane to chloroethane involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in ethane with a chlorine atom. This reaction is known as chlorination. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

C2H6 + Cl2 → C2H5Cl + HCl [[1]]

The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as iron or aluminum chloride, and at elevated temperatures. The exact conditions may vary depending on the specific reaction setup.

Transformation of Chloroethane to Butane

The transformation of chloroethane to butane involves the substitution of a chlorine atom in chloroethane with a hydrogen atom. This reaction is known as dehydrochlorination. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

C2H5Cl → C4H10 + HCl [[2]]

The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and at elevated temperatures. The base helps remove the hydrogen chloride (HCl) formed during the reaction.

Transformation of Butane to Butadiene

The transformation of butane to butadiene involves the elimination of two hydrogen atoms from butane, resulting in the formation of a double bond between two carbon atoms. This reaction is known as dehydrogenation. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

C4H10 → C4H6 + H2 [[3]]

The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as platinum or palladium, and at elevated temperatures. The exact conditions may vary depending on the specific reaction setup.

Transformation of Butadiene to Divinyl Rubber

The transformation of butadiene to divinyl rubber involves the polymerization of butadiene molecules to form a long chain polymer. Divinyl rubber, also known as polybutadiene, is a synthetic rubber with high elasticity and resilience. The polymerization reaction can be represented by the following equation:

nC4H6 → (C4H6)n [[4]]

The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and at specific temperatures and pressures. The exact conditions may vary depending on the desired properties of the divinyl rubber.

Conditions for the Reactions

The specific conditions required for each reaction may vary depending on the reaction setup and desired outcomes. However, some general conditions for the reactions mentioned above are as follows:

- Chlorination of ethane: Typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., iron or aluminum chloride) and at elevated temperatures. - Dehydrochlorination of chloroethane: Typically carried out in the presence of a strong base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) and at elevated temperatures. - Dehydrogenation of butane: Typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., platinum or palladium) and at elevated temperatures. - Polymerization of butadiene: Typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., Ziegler-Natta catalyst) and at specific temperatures and pressures.

It's important to note that the specific conditions and catalysts used in these reactions may vary depending on the industrial process or laboratory setup.