Question

1. Які є типи кристалічних граток?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

(русский) В зависимости от природы частиц, расположенных в узлах, и характера связи между ними различают четыре типа кристаллических решеток: ионную, металлическую, атомную и молекулярную

(украинский) Залежно від природи частинок, розташованих у вузлах, і характеру зв'язку між ними розрізняють чотири типи кристалічних решіток: іонну, металеву, атомну і молекулярну)

Answer 2

Types of Crystal Lattices

Crystal lattices are the repeating patterns of atoms or molecules in a crystal structure. There are several types of crystal lattices, including:

1. Cubic Lattice: The cubic lattice is the most common type of crystal lattice. It has three types: simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic. In a simple cubic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by six nearest neighbors. In a body-centered cubic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by eight nearest neighbors, with an additional lattice point at the center of the cube. In a face-centered cubic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by twelve nearest neighbors, with additional lattice points at the center of each face of the cube.

2. Hexagonal Lattice: The hexagonal lattice has a six-fold rotational symmetry. It consists of a two-dimensional array of hexagonal unit cells stacked on top of each other. Each lattice point is surrounded by six nearest neighbors.

3. Tetragonal Lattice: The tetragonal lattice is similar to the cubic lattice, but with a different aspect ratio. It has two types: simple tetragonal and body-centered tetragonal. In a simple tetragonal lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by four nearest neighbors. In a body-centered tetragonal lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by eight nearest neighbors, with an additional lattice point at the center of the unit cell.

4. Orthorhombic Lattice: The orthorhombic lattice has three unequal axes at right angles to each other. It has four types: simple orthorhombic, base-centered orthorhombic, body-centered orthorhombic, and face-centered orthorhombic. In a simple orthorhombic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by eight nearest neighbors. In a base-centered orthorhombic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by ten nearest neighbors, with additional lattice points at the center of two opposite faces. In a body-centered orthorhombic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by fourteen nearest neighbors, with additional lattice points at the center of each face. In a face-centered orthorhombic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by sixteen nearest neighbors, with additional lattice points at the center of each face and the center of the unit cell.

5. Rhombohedral Lattice: The rhombohedral lattice has a three-fold rotational symmetry. It is similar to the hexagonal lattice but with a different angle between the axes.

6. Monoclinic Lattice: The monoclinic lattice has two unequal axes at right angles to each other and a third axis inclined to the other two. It has three types: simple monoclinic, base-centered monoclinic, and body-centered monoclinic. In a simple monoclinic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by four nearest neighbors. In a base-centered monoclinic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by six nearest neighbors, with additional lattice points at the center of two opposite faces. In a body-centered monoclinic lattice, each lattice point is surrounded by eight nearest neighbors, with an additional lattice point at the center of the unit cell.

7. Triclinic Lattice: The triclinic lattice has three unequal axes that are inclined to each other at arbitrary angles. It has no rotational symmetry.

These are the main types of crystal lattices. Each type has its own unique arrangement of atoms or molecules, resulting in different physical and chemical properties of the crystal.