Question

N.1 Определить вид коррозии.(Химическая или Электрохимическая) A.Древний бронзовый памятник со временем потемнел и позеленел. B. Серебренные ложки почернели. C.Металлический ящик, в котором химическая лаборатория хранила кислоту, был сделан из пластин из разорванного дерева, скрепленных медными заклепками. Через пару лет коробка сломалась, потому что в стальных пластинах вокруг медных заклепок образовались дыры.

Answer 1

Ответ:

1) Химическая

2) Электрохимическая

Объяснение:

Химическая коррозия — это процесс взаимодействия металла с коррозионной средой, при котором окисление металла и восстановление окислительного компонента среды протекают единовременно в одном акте.

Электрохимическая коррозия — это процесс взаимодействия металла с коррозионной средой (раствором электролита), при котором ионизация атомов металла и восстановление окислительного компонента коррозионной среды протекают не в одном акте и их скорости зависят от электродного потенциала.

Answer 2

Types of Corrosion

Corrosion is the process of deterioration of a material, usually a metal, due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with its environment. There are different types of corrosion, including chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion.

Chemical corrosion occurs when a metal reacts with a chemical substance in its environment, leading to the degradation of the metal. This type of corrosion is often influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of corrosive substances. An example of chemical corrosion is the darkening and greening of an ancient bronze monument over time [[1]].

Electrochemical corrosion, also known as galvanic corrosion, occurs when two different metals are in contact with each other in the presence of an electrolyte, such as moisture or an aqueous solution. This creates a galvanic cell, where one metal acts as an anode and the other as a cathode. The anode undergoes oxidation, while the cathode undergoes reduction, leading to the corrosion of the anode. An example of electrochemical corrosion is the blackening of silver spoons [[2]].

Examples of Corrosion

1. The darkening and greening of an ancient bronze monument over time is an example of chemical corrosion. The interaction between the metal and the environment, including exposure to air, moisture, and pollutants, leads to the formation of various compounds on the surface of the bronze, resulting in its discoloration [[1]].

2. The blackening of silver spoons is an example of electrochemical corrosion. When silver comes into contact with other metals, such as steel or copper, in the presence of moisture or acidic substances, a galvanic cell is formed. This leads to the corrosion of the silver, resulting in its blackened appearance [[2]].

3. The deterioration of a metal box used to store acid, which was made of steel plates held together by copper rivets, is an example of both chemical and electrochemical corrosion. The acid in the box reacts with the steel plates, causing chemical corrosion. Additionally, the contact between the steel and copper, along with the presence of moisture, creates a galvanic cell, leading to electrochemical corrosion. Over time, holes can form around the copper rivets due to the combined effects of chemical and electrochemical corrosion [[3]].

In summary, the examples provided include the chemical corrosion of an ancient bronze monument, the electrochemical corrosion of silver spoons, and the combined chemical and electrochemical corrosion of a metal box containing acid.