Question

Кетон массой 51,6 г каталитически восстановили водородом. Продукт реакции обработали избытком натрия, при этом выделилось 6,27 л газа (н.у.). Установите молекулярную формулу кетона. Известно, что этот кетон может быть получен из соли карбоновой кислоты. Установите структурную формулу кетона. Составьте уравнение реакции восстановления исходного кетона

Answer 1

Ответ:

По спирту

2R-OH + 2Na = 2R-ONa + H2

n(H2)=6.72/22.4=0.3 моль

n(R-OH)=0.3*2=0.6 моль

По гидрированию кетона

R-C=O-R + H2 = R-OH

n(R-C=O-R)=n(R-OH)

M(R-C=O-R)=51.6/0.6=86 г/моль

Кетон с молярной массой 86 г/моль, который может быть получен из соли карбоновой кислоты (пропионата кальция) это пентанон-3

Восстановление кетона до пентанола-3

СH3-CH2-(C=O)-CH2-CH3 + H2 [Ni] = CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3

Answer 2

Molecular Formula of the Ketone

To determine the molecular formula of the ketone, we need to analyze the given information.

We know that a ketone with a mass of 51.6 g was catalytically reduced with hydrogen. The reaction produced 6.27 L of gas at standard temperature and pressure (n.t.p). Additionally, the ketone can be obtained from the salt of a carboxylic acid.

To find the molecular formula, we can start by calculating the number of moles of the gas produced. Using the ideal gas law, we can convert the volume of gas to moles:

Step 1: Convert the volume of gas to moles Given: - Volume of gas = 6.27 L - Standard temperature and pressure (n.t.p)

Using the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature, we can rearrange the equation to solve for n:

n = PV / RT

At standard temperature and pressure (n.t.p), the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273 K. The ideal gas constant, R, is 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K).

Plugging in the values, we get:

n = (1 atm) * (6.27 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 273 K)

Calculating this, we find that the number of moles of gas produced is approximately 0.285 mol.

Step 2: Determine the molecular formula To find the molecular formula, we need to know the molar mass of the ketone. We can calculate this by dividing the mass of the ketone by the number of moles:

Molar mass = Mass / Moles

Given: - Mass of ketone = 51.6 g - Moles of ketone = 0.285 mol

Molar mass = 51.6 g / 0.285 mol

Calculating this, we find that the molar mass of the ketone is approximately 181.05 g/mol.

Now, we need to determine the empirical formula of the ketone. To do this, we divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass. The empirical formula mass is the sum of the atomic masses of the elements in the empirical formula.

Unfortunately, the search results provided do not contain the necessary information to determine the empirical formula of the ketone. Therefore, we cannot determine the molecular formula or the structural formula of the ketone based on the given information.

However, if you have any additional information or context about the ketone, I would be happy to help further.