Question

Приведите пример реакций подтверждающие одно схожие химической свойства калия и бария. Составьте уравнения реакций. Составьте электронный баланс.

Answer 1

Ответ:

2K+2H2O=2KOH+H2

2K+Cl2=2KCl

4Fe+3O2=2Fe2O3

2Fe+3Cl2=2FeCl3 и т. п.

2)a)BaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4+2HCl

Ba(2+)+2Cl(-)+2H(+)+SO4(2-)=BaSO4+2H(+)+2Cl(-)

Ba(2+)+SO4(2-)=BaSO4

б) AgNO3+HCl=AgCl+HNO3

Ag(+)+NO3(-)+H(+)+Cl(-)=AgCl+H(+)+NO3(-)

Ag(+)+Cl(-)=AgCl

в) 3NaOH+Al(NO3)3=3NaNO3+Al(OH)3

3Na(+)+3OH(-)+Al(3+)+3(NO3)(-)=3Na(+)+3NO3(-)+Al(OH)3

3OH(-)+Al(3+)=Al(OH)3

3)C+O2=CO2

2C+O2=2CO

2C+Ca=CaC2

2H2SO4+C=CO2+2SO2+2H2O и т. п.

4)а) CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O

б) С3Н8+5О2=3СО2+4Н2О

в) 2С2Н2+5О2=4СО2+2Н2О

5)w(C)=12/16=0.75 (75%)

w(H)=4/16=0.25 (25%)

Answer 2

Similar Chemical Properties of Potassium and Barium

Potassium (K) and barium (Ba) are both elements in the periodic table and belong to Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. They exhibit similar chemical properties due to their position in the same group. Here are some examples of reactions that demonstrate their similarities:

1. Reaction with Water: Both potassium and barium react with water, although the reactions are different due to the different reactivity of the elements.

- Potassium reacts vigorously with water, producing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen gas (H2): ``` 2K + 2H2O -> 2KOH + H2 ```

- Barium reacts slowly with water, forming barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and hydrogen gas (H2): ``` Ba + 2H2O -> Ba(OH)2 + H2 ```

2. Reaction with Oxygen: Both potassium and barium react with oxygen to form oxides.

- Potassium reacts vigorously with oxygen, forming potassium oxide (K2O): ``` 4K + O2 -> 2K2O ```

- Barium also reacts with oxygen, producing barium oxide (BaO): ``` 2Ba + O2 -> 2BaO ```

3. Reaction with Acids: Both potassium and barium react with acids to produce salts and hydrogen gas.

- Potassium reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form potassium chloride (KCl) and hydrogen gas (H2): ``` 2K + 2HCl -> 2KCl + H2 ```

- Barium reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce barium sulfate (BaSO4) and hydrogen gas (H2): ``` Ba + H2SO4 -> BaSO4 + H2 ```

Electron Balancing

To balance the electron transfer in the reactions mentioned above, we can use the concept of electron transfer and oxidation states.

1. Reaction with Water: In the reaction of potassium with water: - Potassium loses one electron to form K+ with an oxidation state of +1. - Water gains one electron to form OH- with an oxidation state of -1.

In the reaction of barium with water: - Barium loses two electrons to form Ba2+ with an oxidation state of +2. - Water gains two electrons to form OH- with an oxidation state of -1.

2. Reaction with Oxygen: In the reaction of potassium with oxygen: - Potassium loses one electron to form K+ with an oxidation state of +1. - Oxygen gains two electrons to form O2- with an oxidation state of -2.

In the reaction of barium with oxygen: - Barium loses two electrons to form Ba2+ with an oxidation state of +2. - Oxygen gains two electrons to form O2- with an oxidation state of -2.

3. Reaction with Acids: In the reaction of potassium with hydrochloric acid: - Potassium loses one electron to form K+ with an oxidation state of +1. - Hydrogen gains one electron to form H2 with an oxidation state of 0.

In the reaction of barium with sulfuric acid: - Barium loses two electrons to form Ba2+ with an oxidation state of +2. - Hydrogen gains two electrons to form H2 with an oxidation state of 0.

Please note that the electron balancing is based on the transfer of electrons and the resulting oxidation states of the elements involved in the reactions.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.