Question

Как получают кислород в лаборатории и в промышленности? Напишите уравнения соответствующих реакций? Чем отличаются эти способы друг от друга?

Answer 1

1) В промышленности получают из воздуха. Воздух под давлением сжимают при температуре -183 градуса, кислород становится жидким.
2) В лаборатории кислород получают из веществ богатых кислородом:
а) Из перманганата калия
2KMnO4=K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
б) Электролиз воды
2H20=2H2+O2
в) Из пероксида водорода
2H2O2=2H2O+O2
г) из хлораиа калия(бертолетовой соли)
2KClO3=2KCl+3O2
д) из некоторых оксидов
2HgO=2Hg+O2

Answer 2

1) лабораторные способы:
а) разложение бертолетовой соли в присутствии кат. MnO2
2KClO3=2KCl+O2
б)Термическое разложение перманганата калия
2KMnO4=K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
в) Каталитическое разложение пероксида водорода(MnO2)
2H2O2=2H2O+O2
г)Электролиз воды
2H2O=2H2+O2
 и еще : разложением нитратов щелочных металлов, взаимодействием пероксидов щелочных металлов с CO2
2) промышленный способ получения 
Сжижение воздуха при низких температурах и его дальнейшей фракционной перегонке, сначала из жидкого воздуха отгоняется N2, а в жидком состоянии остается  O2( связано с разной температурой кипения, у азота она ниже)

Answer 3

Obtaining Oxygen in the Laboratory and Industry

In both laboratory and industrial settings, oxygen can be obtained through various methods, including chemical reactions, fractional distillation of liquid air, and electrolysis of water.

Chemical Reactions

In the laboratory, oxygen can be obtained through the decomposition of certain compounds, such as potassium chlorate (KClO3), using heat. The reaction can be represented as follows: ``` 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) [[1]] ```

Fractional Distillation of Liquid Air

In the industry, a common method for obtaining oxygen is through the fractional distillation of liquid air. This process takes advantage of the different boiling points of the components of air. When air is cooled and liquefied, it can be separated into its components through fractional distillation. Oxygen, having a lower boiling point than nitrogen, can be collected as a separate fraction. This method is widely used in the industrial production of oxygen.

Electrolysis of Water

Another method for obtaining oxygen, particularly in industrial settings, is through the electrolysis of water. This process involves passing an electric current through water, which causes the water to decompose into oxygen and hydrogen gas. The reaction can be represented as follows: ``` 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) [[3]] ```

Differences Between Laboratory and Industrial Methods

The main differences between the laboratory and industrial methods of obtaining oxygen lie in the scale of production and the specific techniques used. In the laboratory, smaller-scale chemical reactions are often used to produce oxygen, while in the industry, larger-scale processes such as fractional distillation of liquid air and electrolysis of water are employed to meet the demands of industrial applications.

In summary, oxygen can be obtained in the laboratory through chemical reactions, such as the decomposition of potassium chlorate, while in the industry, methods such as fractional distillation of liquid air and electrolysis of water are used to produce oxygen on a larger scale for industrial applications.