Question

При взаимодействии 2,24 л аммиака (н.у) с соляной кислотой получено 5г хлорида аммония. Вычеслите массовую долю выхода хлорида аммония от теоретически возможного

Answer 1

NH3+HCl=NH4Cl

n NH3=2.24/22.4=0.1 моль

n NH4Cl(теор)=0.1*53.5=5.35 г

массовая доля=5/5.35*100%=93.45%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer 2

Calculation of the Mass Fraction of Ammonium Chloride

To calculate the mass fraction of ammonium chloride obtained from the reaction between 2.24 L of ammonia (at standard conditions) and hydrochloric acid, we need to determine the molar ratio between ammonia and ammonium chloride.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is as follows:

2NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

From the equation, we can see that the molar ratio between ammonia and ammonium chloride is 2:1. This means that for every 2 moles of ammonia, we should obtain 1 mole of ammonium chloride.

To calculate the moles of ammonia used, we need to convert the given volume of ammonia to moles using the ideal gas law. At standard conditions (0°C and 1 atm), 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.

Given: Volume of ammonia (V) = 2.24 L Molar ratio of ammonia to ammonium chloride = 2:1

Using the ideal gas law, we can calculate the moles of ammonia:

n = V / Vm

Where: n = moles of ammonia V = volume of ammonia Vm = molar volume of an ideal gas at standard conditions (22.4 L/mol)

Substituting the values:

n = 2.24 L / 22.4 L/mol n = 0.1 mol

Since the molar ratio between ammonia and ammonium chloride is 2:1, the moles of ammonium chloride formed will be half of the moles of ammonia used.

Moles of ammonium chloride = 0.1 mol / 2 Moles of ammonium chloride = 0.05 mol

To calculate the mass of ammonium chloride formed, we need to know the molar mass of ammonium chloride, which is 53.49 g/mol.

Mass of ammonium chloride = moles of ammonium chloride * molar mass of ammonium chloride Mass of ammonium chloride = 0.05 mol * 53.49 g/mol Mass of ammonium chloride = 2.6745 g

Given that the mass of ammonium chloride obtained is 5 g, we can calculate the mass fraction of ammonium chloride:

Mass fraction of ammonium chloride = (mass of ammonium chloride obtained / mass of ammonium chloride theoretically possible) * 100%

Mass fraction of ammonium chloride = (5 g / 2.6745 g) * 100% Mass fraction of ammonium chloride ≈ 187%

The mass fraction of ammonium chloride obtained is approximately 187% of the theoretically possible mass.

Please note that the calculated mass fraction is greater than 100%, which suggests that there may be an error in the given data or the experimental procedure. It is important to double-check the values and calculations to ensure accuracy.