Question

Запишите схему образования ковалентной связи на примере молекулы хлора​

Answer 1

Ответ:

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Answer 2

Formation of Covalent Bond in Chlorine Molecule (Cl2)

The formation of a covalent bond in a chlorine molecule (Cl2) involves the sharing of electrons between two chlorine atoms. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of a noble gas.

Here is a detailed explanation of the formation of a covalent bond in a chlorine molecule:

1. Electron Configuration of Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, which means it has 17 electrons. The electron configuration of chlorine is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5. Chlorine has seven valence electrons in its outermost energy level (3s^2 3p^5).

2. Sharing of Electrons: In the formation of a chlorine molecule (Cl2), two chlorine atoms come together and share electrons. Each chlorine atom contributes one electron to the shared pair, resulting in a covalent bond.

3. Lewis Dot Structure: To represent the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond, we can use Lewis dot structures. In the Lewis dot structure for chlorine (Cl), each chlorine atom is represented by its symbol (Cl) and surrounded by dots representing its valence electrons. Since each chlorine atom contributes one electron to the shared pair, we can represent the covalent bond by a single line between the two chlorine atoms.

Lewis dot structure for chlorine (Cl2): Cl • + • Cl

4. Octet Rule: The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight valence electrons (except for hydrogen, which only needs two valence electrons). In the case of chlorine, each chlorine atom contributes one electron to the shared pair, resulting in both chlorine atoms having a complete octet of electrons.

5. Formation of Chlorine Molecule (Cl2): The sharing of electrons between the two chlorine atoms creates a stable molecule, known as chlorine gas or molecular chlorine (Cl2). In the chlorine molecule, each chlorine atom is bonded to the other chlorine atom by a covalent bond.

Molecular formula for chlorine gas (Cl2): Cl-Cl

6. Properties of Chlorine Molecule (Cl2): Chlorine gas is a pale yellow-green gas with a pungent odor. It is highly reactive and is used for various purposes, such as water disinfection, production of bleach, and synthesis of organic compounds.

Note: The information provided above is based on general knowledge about the formation of covalent bonds and the properties of chlorine. For more specific and detailed information, it is recommended to refer to reliable sources.