Question

История открытия элемента брома полна интересных событий. В 1826 году знаменитый немецкий химик Юстус Либих получил красно-бурую жидкость, но принял её за хлорид известного в то время элемента. Дальнейшее изучение этой жидкости Ю. Либих не предпринял, а через месяц узнал об открытии нового простого вещества - брома французским химиком А. Баларом. За какое вещество Ю. Либих принял бром, если известно, что оно содержит 21,85% хлора по массе? В ответе укажите формулу вещества и валентности элементов, образующих вещество. Валентность запишите арабской цифрой.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

History of the Discovery of Bromine

The history of the discovery of the element bromine is indeed filled with interesting events. In 1826, the renowned German chemist Justus von Liebig obtained a reddish-brown liquid, which he initially mistook for a chloride of a known element at that time. However, he did not further investigate this liquid and, a month later, learned about the discovery of a new simple substance called bromine by the French chemist Antoine Balard.

To determine the substance that Liebig mistook for bromine, we need to consider the given information that it contains 21.85% chlorine by mass. By analyzing this information, we can deduce the formula and valencies of the elements present in the substance.

Determining the Substance Mistaken for Bromine

To determine the formula and valencies of the elements in the substance mistaken for bromine, we can use the given information that it contains 21.85% chlorine by mass.

To calculate the formula, we need to assume a 100g sample of the substance. From the given information, we know that this sample contains 21.85g of chlorine.

To find the mass of the other element, we subtract the mass of chlorine from the total mass of the sample: 100g - 21.85g = 78.15g

Now, we can calculate the ratio of the masses of the two elements in the substance: Mass of chlorine: Mass of other element = 21.85g:78.15g

Simplifying the ratio by dividing both sides by the mass of chlorine: 1: (78.15g/21.85g) ≈ 1:3.57

This ratio suggests that the substance contains one atom of chlorine for every 3.57 atoms of the other element. To simplify the ratio further, we can multiply both sides by 7 to eliminate the decimal: 7: (7 * 3.57) ≈ 7:25

Therefore, the formula of the substance mistaken for bromine is Cl7X25, where X represents the other element.

Valencies of the Elements in the Substance

To determine the valencies of the elements in the substance, we need to consider their respective positions in the periodic table and their common valencies.

Chlorine (Cl) is a halogen and is located in Group 17 of the periodic table. Halogens typically have a valency of -1.

The other element (X) in the substance is bromine (Br). Bromine is also a halogen and is located in the same group as chlorine. Therefore, bromine also has a valency of -1.

In summary, the formula of the substance mistaken for bromine is Cl7X25, where X represents bromine (Br), and the valencies of both chlorine and bromine are -1.

Note: The information provided is based on the given context and calculations.