Question

Здійснiть перетворення, зображенi схемами: а) купрум(II) оксид → купрум(ll) хлорид → купрум(ll) гідроксид → купрум(II) оксид → купрум(ll) нiтрат; б) натрій карбонат → карбон(IV) оксид → кальцій карбонат → кальцiй гiдрогенкарбонат → кальцiй карбонат.

Answer 1

Задание А:

$CuO + 2HCl = CuCl_2 + H_2O\\CuCl_2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)_2 + 2NaCl\\Cu(OH)_2 =^t CuO + H_2O\\CuO + 2HNO_3 = Cu(NO_3)_2 + H_2O$

Задание B:

$NaCO_3 + 2HCl = NaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O\\CaO + CO_2 = CaCO_3\\CaCO_3 + CO_2 + H_2O = Ca(HCO_3)_2\\Ca(HCO_3)_2 =^t CaCO_3 + CO_2 + H_2O$

Answer 2

Chemical Reactions Transformation

Let's break down the chemical reactions and transform them step by step.

a) Transformation of Copper Compounds:

1. Copper(II) Oxide to Copper(II) Chloride: - Copper(II) oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form copper(II) chloride and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O ``` - The reaction involves the displacement of oxygen by chlorine in the hydrochloric acid.

2. Copper(II) Chloride to Copper(II) Hydroxide: - Copper(II) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide to form copper(II) hydroxide and sodium chloride. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` CuCl2 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl ``` - This reaction is a double displacement reaction, where the cations and anions of two different compounds switch places.

3. Copper(II) Hydroxide to Copper(II) Oxide: - Copper(II) hydroxide decomposes upon heating to form copper(II) oxide and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` 2Cu(OH)2 → 2CuO + 2H2O ``` - This is a decomposition reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

4. Copper(II) Oxide to Copper(II) Nitrate: - Copper(II) oxide reacts with nitric acid to form copper(II) nitrate and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` CuO + 2HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O ``` - This reaction involves the displacement of oxygen by nitrate in the nitric acid.

b) Transformation of Sodium and Calcium Compounds:

1. Sodium Carbonate to Carbon(IV) Oxide: - Sodium carbonate decomposes upon heating to form carbon(IV) oxide, also known as carbon dioxide. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` Na2CO3 → CO2 + Na2O ``` - This is a decomposition reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

2. Carbon(IV) Oxide to Calcium Carbonate: - Carbon(IV) oxide, or carbon dioxide, reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O ``` - This is a double displacement reaction, where the cations and anions of two different compounds switch places.

3. Calcium Carbonate to Calcium Hydrogencarbonate: - Calcium carbonate reacts with carbon(IV) oxide, or carbon dioxide, and water to form calcium hydrogencarbonate and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2 ``` - This reaction is a combination of a double displacement reaction and the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water.

4. Calcium Hydrogencarbonate to Calcium Carbonate: - Calcium hydrogencarbonate decomposes upon heating to form calcium carbonate, carbon(IV) oxide, and water. - The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: ``` 2Ca(HCO3)2 → 2CaCO3 + 2CO2 + 2H2O ``` - This is a decomposition reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

Conclusion

These transformations involve a series of chemical reactions, including displacement, double displacement, decomposition, and combination reactions, resulting in the conversion of various compounds into different chemical forms.