Question

Що таке ВІЛ і СНІД? п​

Answer 1

Ответ: хвороба, що заразна тількі від прикосновення крові.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

What is HIV and AIDS?

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. HIV weakens the immune system over time, making it difficult for the body to defend against infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can progress to a more advanced stage known as AIDS.

AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. It is the final stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe damage to the immune system. At this stage, the immune system is significantly weakened, and the individual becomes more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain types of cancers.

How is HIV transmitted?

HIV can be transmitted through certain body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of HIV transmission include:

1. Unprotected sexual intercourse: HIV can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person, especially if there are open sores, cuts, or other forms of mucous membrane exposure.

2. Sharing needles or syringes: HIV can be transmitted through sharing needles or syringes contaminated with infected blood.

3. Mother-to-child transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

4. Blood transfusion or organ transplantation: Although rare, HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusion or organ transplantation if the blood or organ is infected with HIV. However, strict screening measures are in place to prevent this type of transmission in many countries.

5. Occupational exposure: Healthcare workers may be at risk of HIV transmission if they come into contact with infected blood or other potentially infectious body fluids through accidental needlestick injuries or other occupational exposures.

It is important to note that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging, shaking hands, sharing utensils, or through respiratory droplets like coughing or sneezing.

How can HIV be prevented?

Preventing HIV transmission is crucial in reducing the spread of the virus. Here are some key prevention methods:

1. Safe sex practices: Using condoms consistently and correctly during sexual intercourse can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission. It is also important to get tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) regularly, especially if engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors.

2. Harm reduction strategies: Avoid sharing needles or syringes, and use sterile equipment if injecting drugs. Needle exchange programs and opioid substitution therapy can help reduce the risk of HIV transmission among people who inject drugs.

3. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): PrEP is a medication taken by individuals who are at high risk of HIV infection to prevent acquiring the virus. It involves taking a daily pill that contains a combination of antiretroviral drugs.

4. Treatment as prevention: People living with HIV who are on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) can achieve viral suppression, which greatly reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to their sexual partners.

5. Preventing mother-to-child transmission: Pregnant women with HIV can take antiretroviral medications during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to their infants. Additionally, formula feeding is recommended instead of breastfeeding for HIV-positive mothers in areas where safe alternatives are available.

What are the symptoms of HIV and AIDS?

The symptoms of HIV can vary from person to person and may not always be present in the early stages of infection. Some individuals may experience flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks after contracting the virus. These symptoms can include fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and rash. However, it is important to note that these symptoms are not specific to HIV and can be caused by other illnesses as well.

As HIV progresses to AIDS, the immune system becomes severely compromised, leading to a wide range of symptoms and opportunistic infections. These can include persistent fever, night sweats, chronic diarrhea, rapid weight loss, persistent cough, recurrent infections, and skin rashes.

It is important to get tested for HIV if there is a potential risk of exposure, as early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve health outcomes.

Treatment for HIV and AIDS

While there is currently no cure for HIV or AIDS, there have been significant advancements in treatment options. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for HIV infection. ART involves taking a combination of antiretroviral drugs daily to suppress the virus, slow down the progression of the disease, and improve the immune system's function.

With effective ART, people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives, with a near-normal life expectancy. It is important to start treatment as early as possible after diagnosis and to adhere to the prescribed medication regimen.

In addition to medical treatment, support services, counseling, and access to healthcare are crucial for individuals living with HIV and AIDS.

Remember, it is always best to consult with healthcare professionals or organizations specializing in HIV/AIDS for personalized information and guidance.