Question

Какие впечатления детства Тургенева повлияли на него как на писателя?

Answer 1

У Ивана Сергеевича была очень властная, жёсткая мать, настоящая помещица-крепостница. Держала в ежовых рукавицах обоих своих сыновей, не говоря уж о крепостных крестьянах, которых по её приказу секли немилосердно за любую провинность, а то и без всякой провинности. Помните, как она грозила Ивану Сергеевичу, когда он учился в Германии: "Если я не получу от тебя письма со следующей почтой, велю высечь на конюшне Петрушку (или Антошку, не помню сейчас, как звали точно несчастного слугу) . Тургеневу это самодурство было омерзительно, он категорически не принимал жестокость крепостничества. (Хотя всю жизнь прожил за счёт труда своих крепостных)

Answer 2

Turgenev's Childhood Impressions and Their Influence on Him as a Writer

Ivan Turgenev, a renowned Russian writer, had a childhood that greatly influenced his development as a writer. Turgenev was born on November 9, 1818, in the Oryol Province of Russia. His childhood experiences and impressions played a significant role in shaping his literary style and themes.

1. Rural Environment and Nature: Turgenev spent his early years in the countryside, surrounded by the beauty of nature. The vast landscapes, forests, and rivers of rural Russia made a deep impression on him. These natural surroundings often found their way into his works, where he vividly described the Russian countryside and its connection to the characters' emotions and experiences.

2. Serfdom and Social Inequality: Another important aspect of Turgenev's childhood was the presence of serfdom, a system of forced labor and social inequality. Turgenev's family owned serfs, and he witnessed firsthand the injustices and hardships faced by the peasants. This exposure to the social divide and the suffering of the lower classes influenced his writing, as he often depicted the struggles and aspirations of the peasantry in his works.

3. European Education and Cultural Exposure: Turgenev's father, a wealthy landowner, sent him to study in Moscow and later in Germany and France. This European education broadened Turgenev's horizons and exposed him to different cultures, ideas, and literary traditions. His exposure to European literature, philosophy, and social movements greatly influenced his writing style and themes. Turgenev's works often explored the clash between Russian and European cultures and the impact of Western ideas on Russian society.

4. Family Dynamics and Personal Relationships: Turgenev's complex relationship with his parents, particularly his overbearing mother, also left a lasting impression on him. His mother's strict control and his longing for freedom and independence can be seen in his works, where he often portrayed strained family relationships and the tension between generations.

5. Political Climate and Social Change: Turgenev grew up during a time of political and social upheaval in Russia. The Decembrist uprising in 1825 and the subsequent reforms under Tsar Alexander II had a profound impact on Turgenev's worldview. He witnessed the struggle for political change and the tensions between the old and the new in Russian society. These themes of social and political change, as well as the clash between tradition and progress, are recurrent in his works.

In conclusion, Turgenev's childhood experiences, including his exposure to nature, the presence of serfdom, his European education, family dynamics, and the political climate of his time, all played a significant role in shaping him as a writer. These influences can be seen in the themes, settings, and characters of his works, making him one of the most important figures in Russian literature.