Question

Какие были достижения в разработке проблем познавательной деятельности человека в психологии 60-80 года?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1) Организация самостоятельной учебно-познавательной деятельности

2)Создание проблемных ситуаций

3)Направленность личности на осознание целей деятельности

4) овладение содержанием учебных предметов

5)необходимыми способами или умениями и навыками,при помощи которых ученик получает образование

Answer 2

Developments in the Study of Problem-solving in Psychology (1960-1980)

During the 1960s to 1980s, there were significant advancements in the study of problem-solving in psychology. Researchers explored various aspects of human cognitive processes and developed theories and models to understand how individuals approach and solve problems. Here are some key achievements during this period:

1. Information Processing Approach: One major development was the emergence of the information processing approach to problem-solving. This approach focused on understanding how individuals acquire, store, and manipulate information to solve problems. Researchers examined cognitive processes such as attention, perception, memory, and decision-making to gain insights into problem-solving strategies.

2. Problem-Solving Heuristics: Psychologists also investigated problem-solving heuristics, which are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that individuals use to simplify complex problem-solving tasks. Researchers identified various heuristics, such as means-ends analysis, working backward, and analogical reasoning, and explored how they influence problem-solving performance.

3. Expertise and Problem Solving: Another area of study was expertise and problem-solving. Researchers examined how experts in different domains approach and solve problems compared to novices. They found that experts often have more efficient problem-solving strategies, domain-specific knowledge, and the ability to recognize patterns and apply relevant information.

4. Creative Problem Solving: The study of creative problem-solving also gained attention during this period. Researchers explored the cognitive processes underlying creative problem-solving and investigated factors that enhance or inhibit creativity. They examined the role of divergent thinking, insight, analogical reasoning, and problem restructuring in creative problem-solving.

5. Problem Solving and Decision Making: The relationship between problem-solving and decision-making processes was another focus of research during this time. Psychologists examined how individuals gather and evaluate information, generate alternatives, and make decisions in problem-solving contexts. They explored decision-making biases, such as confirmation bias and anchoring, and their impact on problem-solving outcomes.

6. Computer Simulations and Problem Solving: The development of computer simulations and artificial intelligence also contributed to advancements in the study of problem-solving. Researchers used computer models to simulate problem-solving processes and test different problem-solving strategies. This approach allowed for the exploration of complex problem spaces and the evaluation of the effectiveness of different problem-solving algorithms.

7. Problem Solving in Real-World Contexts: Lastly, psychologists began to investigate problem-solving in real-world contexts, such as problem-solving in organizations, educational settings, and everyday life. They examined how problem-solving skills are applied in practical situations and how problem-solving abilities can be enhanced through training and interventions.

Overall, the period from the 1960s to the 1980s witnessed significant developments in the study of problem-solving in psychology. Researchers explored various cognitive processes, problem-solving heuristics, expertise, creativity, decision-making, computer simulations, and real-world problem-solving contexts. These advancements have contributed to our understanding of how individuals approach and solve problems and have practical implications in various domains of human activity.