Question

XVII - XVIII ғасырлардағы қазақ хандығының ішкі жағдайы" тақырыбында 100-120 сөзден тұратын эссе жазыңыз СРОЧНОО!!!:)

Answer 1

Ответ:

Тәукенің хан жариялануын екінші бағытындағы талдау, оның 1653-1654 жылдардағы хандыққтағы билікке ие болғандығы тарихи оқиғаларды салыстырмалы-сараптау арқылы нақты тұжырым жасау. Тәуке ханның 1678-80 жылдарға дейінгі жазба деректерде есімнің ұштаспауы немесе осы жылдар аралығында Қазақ хандығы жағдайы туралы өзге халықтардың деректерінде кездеспеуінің себебі:

Қазақ хандығының сыртқы саясатындағы тұрақтылығы;

Көрші орналасқан мемлекеттердің өз ішіндегі саяси өзгерістердің әсері болды.

Қазақ хандығы Тәуке тұсында сытрқы жағдайдың бірсыпыра тұрақтанып, нығаюына белгілі. Тәуке хан билігі күшейген кезден бастап сыртқы саясат көрші елдермен бейбіт түрде байланыс жасай отырып, экономикалық қарым-қатынас та орната білді.

XVIIғ. соңы – XVIII ғ.басында қазақтар Ташкент қаласының ішкі билігіне көп араласа бермеген, олар тек жергілікті халықтан салық жинаумен ғана шектеліп отырған. Орта Азия және Қазақ хандығының қарым-қатынастарында негізгі саяси мәселерден гөрі экономикалық талаптар басты.

Answer 2

The Internal Situation of the Kazakh Khanate in the 17th-18th Centuries

The internal situation of the Kazakh Khanate in the 17th-18th centuries was characterized by various political, social, and economic factors. During this period, the Kazakh Khanate faced both internal challenges and external pressures from neighboring powers. This essay will provide a detailed analysis of the internal situation of the Kazakh Khanate during the 17th-18th centuries.

Political Situation

The Kazakh Khanate's political structure was based on a tribal system, with the Khan as the supreme ruler. The Khanate was divided into three main hordes: the Great Horde, the Middle Horde, and the Little Horde. Each horde was further divided into smaller tribes, led by their own leaders. The Khan's authority was not absolute, and decisions were often made through consultation with tribal leaders.

Internal power struggles were common within the Kazakh Khanate during this period. The position of Khan was not hereditary, and succession disputes often led to conflicts between rival factions. These power struggles weakened the unity of the Khanate and made it vulnerable to external threats.

Social Situation

The Kazakh society in the 17th-18th centuries was predominantly nomadic, with the majority of the population engaged in pastoralism. The society was organized into tribes, with each tribe having its own customs, traditions, and social structure. The Kazakh people valued their independence and freedom, which was reflected in their nomadic lifestyle.

The social hierarchy within the Kazakh Khanate was based on a combination of tribal and feudal structures. The Khan and his close relatives occupied the highest positions in the hierarchy, followed by tribal leaders and nobles. The common people, including herders and farmers, formed the majority of the population.

Economic Situation

The economy of the Kazakh Khanate was primarily based on livestock breeding, including sheep, horses, and camels. The nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh people allowed them to move their herds across vast territories in search of grazing lands. Trade also played a significant role in the economy, with the Kazakhs participating in the Silk Road trade routes.

The Kazakh Khanate faced economic challenges during this period. The constant warfare and conflicts with neighboring powers disrupted trade routes and hindered economic development. Additionally, natural disasters such as droughts and harsh winters could devastate the livestock population, leading to economic hardships for the Kazakh people.

External Pressures

The Kazakh Khanate faced external pressures from neighboring powers, including the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty of China, and the Central Asian Khanates. These powers sought to expand their territories and influence, often leading to conflicts with the Kazakhs. The Kazakh Khanate had to navigate a complex web of alliances and rivalries to maintain its independence.

The Russian Empire was a major player in the region and sought to establish control over the Kazakh territories. The Kazakh Khanate entered into various treaties and agreements with the Russian Empire, often to protect its interests and maintain a balance of power.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the internal situation of the Kazakh Khanate in the 17th-18th centuries was characterized by political struggles, a nomadic social structure, an economy based on livestock breeding and trade, and external pressures from neighboring powers. These factors shaped the history of the Kazakh Khanate during this period and influenced its interactions with the outside world.

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