Question

Задание №2. Используя приведенный фрагмент исторического источника, а также имеющиеся у вас знания, заполните таблицу. Важным условием модернизации было создание светского государства. 29 февраля 1924 года состоялась последняя традиционная церемония пятничного посещения последним халифом Турции мечети в Стамбуле. На следующий день, открывая очередное заседание Великого национального собрания Турции. Мустафа Кемаль произнес обвинительную речь по поводу векового использования исламской религии в качестве политического инструмента, потребовал вернуть её истинному предназначению», срочно и самым решительным образом спасти «священные религиозные ценности» от разного рода «тёмных целей. М. Кемаль создал новое, основанное на национализме («суверенитете нации), республиканское государство и провёл ряд серьёзных реформ: ликвидация султаната, провозглашение республики. упразднение халифата, введение светского обучения, реформа одежды, принятие нового уголовного и гражданского кодексов по европейскому образцу, латинизация алфавита, отделение религии от государства, предоставление избирательных прав женщинам, отмена титулов и феодальных форм обращения, введение фамилий, создание национальных банков и национальной промышленности. Сферы общественной жизни Светские реформы М. Кемаля Политика . Образование и наука:ПОЖАЛУЙСТА ПОМОГИТЕ СРОЧНО​

Answer 1

Объяснение:

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Answer 2

Background Information

The given historical source fragment describes the modernization efforts in Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It mentions the establishment of a secular state, the abolition of the caliphate, the introduction of secular education, clothing reforms, the adoption of European-style legal codes, the Latinization of the alphabet, the separation of religion from the state, granting voting rights to women, the abolition of titles and feudal forms of address, the creation of national banks and industries, and other social reforms.

Modernization Efforts in Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, implemented a series of reforms aimed at modernizing and secularizing the country. These reforms were intended to break away from the traditional Islamic system and establish a more Western-oriented, secular state.

1. Abolition of the Caliphate: One of the significant reforms carried out by Atatürk was the abolition of the caliphate, which took place on March 3, 1924. The caliphate was the religious and political leadership of the Muslim community, and its abolition marked a clear separation of religion from the state.

2. Introduction of Secular Education: Atatürk introduced secular education in Turkey, replacing the traditional Islamic education system. This reform aimed to modernize the education system and promote scientific and technological advancements.

3. Clothing Reforms: Atatürk implemented clothing reforms to modernize the attire of the Turkish population. Traditional Islamic clothing, such as the fez and veil, was discouraged, and Western-style clothing was promoted.

4. Adoption of European-style Legal Codes: Atatürk introduced new legal codes based on European models. This included the adoption of new criminal and civil codes, which replaced the previous Islamic legal system.

5. Latinization of the Alphabet: Atatürk introduced the Latin alphabet to replace the Arabic script used for writing the Turkish language. This reform aimed to increase literacy rates and facilitate communication with the Western world.

6. Separation of Religion from the State: Atatürk implemented policies to separate religion from the state. This included the removal of religious influence from government institutions and the promotion of a secular state.

7. Women's Voting Rights: Atatürk granted voting rights to women, making Turkey one of the first countries in the Muslim world to do so. This reform aimed to promote gender equality and women's participation in the political process.

8. Abolition of Titles and Feudal Forms of Address: Atatürk abolished titles and feudal forms of address, aiming to create a more egalitarian society and eliminate social hierarchies.

9. Creation of National Banks and Industries: Atatürk initiated the establishment of national banks and industries to promote economic development and reduce dependence on foreign powers.

These reforms, collectively known as Kemalist reforms or Atatürk's reforms, played a crucial role in transforming Turkey into a modern, secular, and Western-oriented state.

Please note that the given historical source fragment does not provide specific details or dates for each reform. For a more comprehensive understanding of each reform and its implementation, further research is recommended.

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