Question

Монархия Николая II и тоталитарное государство при Сталине: сравнительная характеристика (цели, методы достижения, результаты). Сравнить политическую, социально-экономическую и внешнеполитическую сферы.

Answer 1

Ответ:

цели

Николая 2:

*не допустить сторонние (всех левых) силы во власть.

*улучшить благо состояние народа

цели Сталина:

*победить фашизм

*улучшить благо состояние народа

* восстановить страну после войны

методы:

Николая 2:

* реформы по улучшению благо состоянию народа

Сталина:

* агитация за победу в войне, модернизация войск

* улучшение производства.

достижения:

Николая 2:

страна пережила подъем экономики улучшилось благосостояние народа

Сталина:

*победа во 2 мировой войне, присоединение новых теретории после войны

* улучшение образование в стране, улучшение производства в стране

Answer 2

Monarchy under Nicholas II and Totalitarian State under Stalin: Comparative Characteristics

Monarchy under Nicholas II: - Goals: The monarchy under Nicholas II aimed to maintain autocratic rule and preserve the traditional social and political order. Nicholas II sought to maintain his absolute power and uphold the principles of monarchy. - Methods of Achievement: Nicholas II relied on a centralized and authoritarian system of governance. He suppressed political opposition, limited civil liberties, and controlled the media. The monarchy also maintained a strict social hierarchy and limited political participation. - Results: The monarchy under Nicholas II faced numerous challenges, including social unrest, economic inequality, and political opposition. These challenges eventually led to the Russian Revolution in 1917, which resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a communist government.

Totalitarian State under Stalin: - Goals: The totalitarian state under Stalin aimed to establish a socialist society and consolidate power under the Communist Party. Stalin sought to transform the Soviet Union into an industrialized and militarized nation. - Methods of Achievement: Stalin implemented a series of policies to achieve his goals, including collectivization of agriculture, rapid industrialization, and the suppression of political opposition. He used propaganda, censorship, and purges to maintain control and eliminate perceived threats to his regime. - Results: The totalitarian state under Stalin brought about significant changes in the political, social, and economic spheres. The Soviet Union experienced rapid industrialization, but at the cost of human lives and widespread repression. Stalin's policies resulted in the deaths of millions of people through forced labor, famines, and purges.

Comparison of Political, Socio-economic, and Foreign Policy Spheres

Political Sphere: - Monarchy under Nicholas II: The political sphere under Nicholas II was characterized by autocracy and limited political participation. The monarchy held absolute power, and political opposition was suppressed. The Duma, a legislative body, was established but had limited influence. - Totalitarian State under Stalin: The political sphere under Stalin was characterized by a one-party system, with the Communist Party holding absolute power. Political opposition was eliminated through purges and repression. The Soviet Union had a centralized and highly controlled political system.

Socio-economic Sphere: - Monarchy under Nicholas II: The socio-economic sphere under Nicholas II was marked by significant social inequality. The majority of the population lived in poverty, while a small elite enjoyed vast wealth and privilege. Industrialization was slow, and agricultural practices were outdated. - Totalitarian State under Stalin: The socio-economic sphere under Stalin saw rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. The government controlled the means of production, and the economy was centrally planned. However, this transformation came at the cost of human lives and widespread suffering.

Foreign Policy Sphere: - Monarchy under Nicholas II: The foreign policy of Nicholas II was characterized by a desire to maintain Russia's status as a great power. Russia participated in various conflicts, including the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. However, these conflicts resulted in significant losses and contributed to the downfall of the monarchy. - Totalitarian State under Stalin: The foreign policy of Stalin focused on expanding Soviet influence and establishing a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union played a significant role in World War II and emerged as a superpower after the war.

Overall, the monarchy under Nicholas II and the totalitarian state under Stalin had different goals, methods of achievement, and results. The monarchy aimed to preserve autocratic rule, while Stalin sought to establish a socialist society. The monarchy faced challenges and eventually collapsed, while Stalin's regime brought about significant changes but at the cost of human lives and widespread repression.