Question

Что сделал Пётр I для того чтобы стать абсолютным монархом?

Answer 1

Пётр l не собирал Боярскую думу. в 1703 г. он создал ближнюю канцелярию, в ней были министры, назначаемые царём. в 1711 г. Петр l создаёт правительствующий сенат, он стал высшим гос. органом при царе. члены назначались и смещались царём. одна из статей сената - ликвидация боярской думы. Петр l подчинил церковь государству, создал синод. 1721 г. после северной войны и присоединения новых земель к России сенат присвоил Петру l титул императора. а государство стало империей.

Answer 2

Peter the Great's Path to Absolute Monarchy

Peter the Great, also known as Peter I, played a significant role in transforming Russia into a major European power during his reign from 1682 to 1725. In his pursuit of modernization and centralization of power, Peter implemented various reforms and policies to establish himself as an absolute monarch. Here are some key actions he took to achieve this:

1. Westernization and Modernization: Peter the Great recognized the need to modernize Russia to catch up with the advancements in Western Europe. He embarked on a series of reforms aimed at transforming Russia into a more modern and European state. These reforms included changes in education, military, industry, and culture. Peter introduced Western technologies, customs, and practices to modernize the country and strengthen its position on the international stage.

2. Administrative Reforms: Peter implemented administrative reforms to centralize power and strengthen the authority of the monarchy. He established a new administrative structure, known as the Table of Ranks, which determined a person's position and privileges based on their service to the state rather than their noble birth. This allowed Peter to reward loyalty and merit, ensuring a more efficient and loyal bureaucracy.

3. Military Reforms: Recognizing the importance of a strong military, Peter the Great undertook significant military reforms. He modernized the Russian army by introducing Western military tactics, training methods, and weaponry. Peter also established a standing army, the regular conscription system, and a navy, which played a crucial role in expanding Russia's influence and securing its borders.

4. Expansion of Territory: Peter the Great pursued an aggressive foreign policy aimed at expanding Russian territory and securing access to warm-water ports. He waged wars against neighboring powers, such as Sweden and the Ottoman Empire, to gain control over the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea regions. These territorial acquisitions not only increased Russia's geopolitical influence but also consolidated Peter's power domestically.

5. Cultural Reforms: Peter the Great introduced cultural reforms to align Russia with Western European norms and practices. He encouraged the adoption of Western fashion, manners, and customs among the Russian elite. Peter also established the city of St. Petersburg as a new capital, symbolizing Russia's transformation into a modern European state.

6. Strengthening the Monarchy: Peter the Great took several measures to consolidate his power and establish himself as an absolute monarch. He curtailed the power of the nobility, reducing their influence and implementing policies that centralized power in the hands of the monarchy. Peter also suppressed opposition and dissent, ensuring his authority remained unchallenged.

It is important to note that while Peter the Great made significant strides towards establishing absolute monarchy, the process was not without resistance and challenges. However, his reforms laid the foundation for the modernization and centralization of power in Russia, shaping the country's trajectory for centuries to come.