Question

Спрос на товар внутреннем рынке описывается уравнением Qd =100- 2 P. Предложение отечественных фирм описывается уравнением QS = -50 +3P Мировая цена на данный товар 20 ден. Ед. Определите размер импорта в страну, если государство не регулирует рынок товара, и если: А) введение таможенных пошлин в размере 6 ден. Ед. за единицу товара; Б) введение таможенной квоты в размере 30шт.

Answer 1

Решение:
Найдем рыночное равновесие на внутреннем рынке: Qd=Qs
100-2p=-50+3p  5p=150, p=30 – равновесная цена
Равновесный объем продажи определим, подставив значение Р:
Qd=Qs
100-2*30 = -50+3*30 Q = 40 - равновесный объем продаж
Так как внутренняя цена выше мировой, то страна будет импортировать товар до тех пор,  пока внутренняя цена не сравняется с мировой. Подставим мировую цену (20 ден. ед.) в функцию спроса и предложения: Qd=100-2*20,  
Qd=60,
Qs= -50+3*20 Qs=10.
При цене 20 ден. ед. в стране будет наблюдаться дефицит, который и будет удовлетворяться за счет импорта в размере:
Imp=Qd-Qs = 60-10 = 50.  

Answer 2

Introduction

To determine the size of imports into the country, we need to analyze the demand and supply equations for the domestic market. The demand equation is given by Qd = 100 - 2P, where Qd represents the quantity demanded and P represents the price. The supply equation for domestic firms is given by QS = -50 + 3P, where QS represents the quantity supplied by domestic firms.

We are also given that the world price for the product is 20 currency units.

A) Introduction of Tariffs

If the government does not regulate the market and introduces a tariff of 6 currency units per unit of the product, we need to determine the impact on imports.

To find the equilibrium price and quantity in the domestic market, we need to equate the demand and supply equations: Qd = QS

Substituting the demand and supply equations, we get: 100 - 2P = -50 + 3P

Simplifying the equation, we find: 5P = 150 P = 30

Substituting the equilibrium price into the demand equation, we find: Qd = 100 - 2(30) Qd = 40

Therefore, at the equilibrium price of 30 currency units, the quantity demanded is 40 units.

To determine the size of imports, we need to compare the quantity demanded with the quantity supplied by domestic firms. Since the quantity demanded (40 units) is greater than the quantity supplied by domestic firms (QS = -50 + 3P = -50 + 3(30) = -50 + 90 = 40 units), there is no need for imports. The domestic firms are able to meet the demand in the market.

B) Introduction of Import Quota

If the government does not regulate the market and introduces an import quota of 30 units, we need to determine the impact on imports.

To find the equilibrium price and quantity in the domestic market, we again need to equate the demand and supply equations: Qd = QS

Substituting the demand and supply equations, we get: 100 - 2P = -50 + 3P

Simplifying the equation, we find: 5P = 150 P = 30

Substituting the equilibrium price into the demand equation, we find: Qd = 100 - 2(30) Qd = 40

Therefore, at the equilibrium price of 30 currency units, the quantity demanded is 40 units.

Since the import quota is set at 30 units, the domestic firms can only supply a maximum of 30 units. However, the quantity demanded (40 units) exceeds the quantity supplied by domestic firms. As a result, there is a shortage of 10 units in the domestic market.

To meet the demand, the country will need to import the remaining 10 units.

Conclusion

In summary, if the government does not regulate the market: A) Introduction of tariffs: There is no need for imports as the domestic firms are able to meet the demand in the market. B) Introduction of import quota: The country will need to import 10 units to meet the demand, as there is a shortage in the domestic market.

Please note that the information provided is based on the given equations and assumptions.