Question

Доклад на тему древние носители информации. Срочно!​

Answer 1

С древнейших времен человек стремился оставить информацию, на каком либо виде носителя. Первые носители информации были стены пещер и камни. Наскальные рисунки и петроглифы (резьба по камню). Досконально неизвестно были ли это просто украшения или они несли, какую-то смысловую нагрузку. Но жто самый древний известный нам носитель информации. Далее были придуманы глиняные и восковые таблички. На глине писали, пока она была сырая. Именно глиняные таблички стали основной древних библиотек. На восковых табличках писали заостренными палочками-стилусами. Папирус изобрели древние египтяне приблизительно 3000 лет до н.э. Более совершенный материал-пергамент был изобретен намного позже 2 век до н.э. Спустя 500 лет был изобретен самый популярный носитель информации - бумага. Изобрели ее в древнем Китае в конце первого начале второго века н.э. Перфокарты- первый первый современный носитель информации, использующий двоичную систему. Первые перфокарты использовали для задания рисунка в ткацких станках. Появились они в 1884 г. Прорыв в области цифровых носителей совершила магнитная лента, которая использовалась для записи и хранения информации в компьютерах. В результате эволюции ленты превратились в гибкие диски. Первые гибкие диски были использованы в 1969 г. В настоящее время жесткие диски используют тот же метод записи и хранения информации, что и первые магнитные ленты. Жесткие диски довольно старое изобретение (1969 г.) которое используется успешно и сейчас. Компакт-диски - достаточно свежее изобретение. На заре своего существования они были размером с грампластинку, но со временем уменьшились до обычного теперь размера. DVD, Blu-ray диски отличаются только способом нанесения информации. Сейчас повсеместно распространены микро-чипы. Но поистине непревзойденным носителем информации является человеческий мозг. Обьем его памяти составляет 10 в 23 степени.

Answer 2

Ancient Information Carriers

Ancient civilizations developed various methods to store and transmit information. These methods played a crucial role in preserving knowledge and passing it down through generations. Let's explore some of the ancient information carriers:

1. Oral Tradition: Before the invention of writing systems, oral tradition was the primary means of transmitting information. Stories, myths, and historical accounts were passed down through generations through spoken word. This method relied on memory and the skills of storytellers to preserve and transmit knowledge.

2. Pictographs and Petroglyphs: Pictographs and petroglyphs were early forms of writing that used simple pictures or symbols to represent objects, ideas, or events. These visual representations were carved or painted on cave walls, rocks, or other surfaces. Pictographs and petroglyphs were used by ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Mayans, and Native Americans.

3. Cuneiform: Cuneiform is one of the earliest known writing systems, developed by the ancient Sumerians around 3200 BCE. It involved using a stylus to make wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets. Cuneiform was used to record various aspects of life, including administrative, legal, and religious texts.

4. Hieroglyphics: Hieroglyphics were the writing system used by the ancient Egyptians. This system used a combination of pictorial symbols and phonetic signs to represent words and sounds. Hieroglyphics were primarily used for religious and monumental inscriptions, as well as for recording historical events.

5. Papyrus Scrolls: Papyrus scrolls were made from the papyrus plant, which grew along the Nile River in ancient Egypt. The inner pith of the plant was cut into thin strips, which were then layered and pressed together to form a writing surface. Papyrus scrolls were widely used for writing and were an important medium for preserving texts in ancient Egypt.

6. Clay Tablets: Clay tablets were used in various ancient civilizations, including Mesopotamia and ancient Greece. These tablets were made by inscribing cuneiform or other scripts onto wet clay and then drying or firing them. Clay tablets were used for a wide range of purposes, including administrative records, legal documents, and literary texts.

7. Codices: Codices were early book-like structures made by folding sheets of parchment or papyrus and binding them together. Codices replaced scrolls as a more convenient and portable format for written texts. They were used by ancient civilizations such as the Romans and Greeks.

8. Stone Inscriptions: Stone inscriptions were used to record important information on durable materials such as stone or metal. These inscriptions were often used for monumental purposes, such as recording laws, treaties, or the achievements of rulers. Examples of stone inscriptions include the Rosetta Stone and the Code of Hammurabi.

9. Quipu: Quipu was a recording system used by the Inca civilization in ancient Peru. It involved tying knots on strings of different colors and lengths to represent numbers, dates, and other information. Quipus were used for administrative and accounting purposes.

10. Manuscripts: Manuscripts were handwritten books or documents created on materials such as parchment, vellum, or paper. They were produced by scribes and monks in medieval Europe and other parts of the world. Manuscripts played a crucial role in preserving and transmitting knowledge during the Middle Ages.

These are just a few examples of ancient information carriers. Each civilization developed its own unique methods to store and transmit information, reflecting their cultural, technological, and historical contexts.