Question

Составьте электронные формулы атома и иона магния. Сравните их строение.

Answer 1

Electron Configuration of Magnesium Atom and Ion

The electron configuration of an atom describes the arrangement of electrons in its energy levels or shells. Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number of 12, which means it has 12 electrons. The electron configuration of a neutral magnesium atom can be determined using the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill the lowest energy levels first.

The electron configuration of a neutral magnesium atom is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2.

This means that the first energy level (1s) contains 2 electrons, the second energy level (2s) contains 2 electrons, the second energy level (2p) contains 6 electrons, and the third energy level (3s) contains 2 electrons.

When magnesium loses two electrons, it forms a magnesium ion with a charge of +2. The electron configuration of the magnesium ion can be determined by removing two electrons from the neutral atom.

The electron configuration of the magnesium ion (Mg^2+) is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6.

Comparison of Structure

The electron configuration of the magnesium atom and ion can be compared to understand their structural differences.

The neutral magnesium atom has a total of 12 electrons, distributed across three energy levels. The first energy level (1s) contains 2 electrons, the second energy level (2s and 2p) contains 8 electrons, and the third energy level (3s) contains 2 electrons.

On the other hand, the magnesium ion has lost two electrons, resulting in a total of 10 electrons. The first energy level (1s) still contains 2 electrons, the second energy level (2s and 2p) contains 8 electrons, but the third energy level (3s) is now empty.

Therefore, the main difference in structure between the magnesium atom and ion is the presence or absence of two electrons in the third energy level (3s). The magnesium atom has a complete third energy level with 2 electrons, while the magnesium ion has an empty third energy level.

In summary, the electron configuration of a neutral magnesium atom is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2, while the electron configuration of the magnesium ion (Mg^2+) is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6. The main difference in structure is the absence of two electrons in the third energy level of the magnesium ion.

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