Question

Таблица переходных элементов почему они переходные?

Answer 1

Переходные элементы -- это элементы побочных подгрупп, все они относятся к металлам. Переходные они называются потому, что в таблице Менделеева вклиниваются между s-элементами и р-элементами.

Answer 2

The Transition Elements and Why They Are Transition Metals

The transition elements, also known as transition metals, are a group of elements located in the middle of the periodic table. They are called "transition" elements because they exhibit properties that are intermediate between those of the main group elements, which are found on the left and right sides of the periodic table.

Transition metals are characterized by the following properties: 1. They have partially filled d orbitals in their atomic or ionic states. 2. They can form one or more stable ions with an incomplete d subshell. 3. They exhibit a wide range of oxidation states. 4. They often form colored compounds. 5. They have high melting and boiling points. 6. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

The reasons why transition elements exhibit these unique properties are as follows:

1. Partially filled d orbitals: Transition metals have partially filled d orbitals, which allows them to easily lose or gain electrons and form multiple oxidation states. The presence of partially filled d orbitals also contributes to their ability to form complex ions and compounds with ligands.

2. Variable oxidation states: Transition metals can exhibit a wide range of oxidation states due to the availability of d orbitals for electron transfer. The ability to change oxidation states allows transition metals to participate in a variety of chemical reactions and form complex compounds.

3. Complex formation: Transition metals have the ability to form complex ions and compounds with ligands. Ligands are molecules or ions that can donate electron pairs to the metal ion, forming coordinate bonds. This ability to form complex compounds contributes to the color and stability of transition metal compounds.

4. Color: Transition metal compounds often exhibit vibrant colors due to the presence of partially filled d orbitals. When light interacts with these compounds, electrons in the d orbitals can absorb specific wavelengths of light, resulting in the observed colors.

5. High melting and boiling points: Transition metals have high melting and boiling points compared to the main group elements. This is due to the strong metallic bonding between the atoms, which is a result of the presence of partially filled d orbitals.

In summary, the transition elements are called transition metals because they exhibit unique properties that are intermediate between those of the main group elements. These properties include the presence of partially filled d orbitals, variable oxidation states, the ability to form complex compounds, vibrant colors, and high melting and boiling points.